2014年職稱英語考試時間為3月29日。小編為您整理職稱英語衛(wèi)生類教材中閱讀理解部分的文章及譯文，希望對您有所助益。

Cigars Instead?

Smoking one or two cigars a day doubles the risk of cancers of the lip, tongue, mouth, and throat, according to a government study.

Daily cigars also increase the risk of lung cancer and cancer of the esophagus，and increase the risk of cancer of the larynx (voicebox) sixfold1，say researchers at the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Maryland.

In addition, the report revealed that smoking three or four cigars a day increased the risk of oral cancer to 8.5 times the risk for nonsmokers2 and the risk of esophageal cancer by four times the risk of nonsmokers.

The health effects of smoking cigars is one of eight sections of the article “ Cigars ： Health Effects and Trends". The researchers report that, compared with a cigarette, a large cigar emits up to 90 times as much carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines.

“This article provides clear and invaluable information about the disturbing increase3 in cigar use and the significant public health consequences4 for the country," said Dr. Richard Klausner, director of the National Cancer Institute，in a statement.

"The data are clear 一 the harmful substances and carcinogens in cigar smoke, like cigarettes, are associated with5 the increased risks of several kinds of cancers as well as heart and lung diseases，” he added. “ In other words，cigars are not safe alternatives to cigarettes6 and may be addictive. ”

"To those individuals who may be thinking about smoking cigars, our advice is — don't.7 To those currently smoking cigars, quitting is the only way to eliminate completely the cancer, heart and lung disease risks，” warned Klausner.

According to a National Cancer Institute press release8，there haven't been any studies on the health effects on nonsmokers at cigar social events，but "... a significant body of evidence9 clearly demonstrates an increased lung cancer risk from secondhand smoke. ”

詞匯：

cigar 雪茄煙 double 使加倍，把……增一倍

esophagus 食管 larynx

esophageal 食管的 e mit 發(fā)出，射出，散發(fā)

carcinogenic 致癌的 nitrosamine亞硝胺

invaluable 非常寶貴的，無 價的

carcinogen 致癌物 alternative 供替代的抉擇

addictive (使人)上癮的，(使人)入迷的

eliminate 排除，消除，根除

注釋：

1.sixfold：六倍。fold 是一個表示倍數(shù)的后綴,如：sevenfold，eightfold。

2.smoking three or four cigars a day increased the risk of oral cancer to 8. 5 times the risk for nonsmokers:每天吸三到四支雪茄時這些吸煙者患口腔癌的危險增加到不吸煙者的8.5倍

3.disturbing increase:令人不安的增長(指吸雪茄人數(shù)增加引起專家對大眾健康問題的擔(dān)憂)

4.significant public health consequences ：又才大眾健康造成的嚴(yán)重后果

5.be associated with ：與……有關(guān)

6.cigars are not safe alternatives to cigarettes:雪前不是香煙的安全替代品

7.To those individuals who may be thinking about smoking cigars, our advice is — don't.對那些 正考慮吸雪茄的人,我們的建議是別那么做。

8.press release：(通訊社或政府機構(gòu)等發(fā)布的)新聞稿

9.a significant body of evidence:大量的有力證據(jù)。body是“一大堆”的意思。

練習(xí)：

1.According to the report, smoking three or four cigars a day

A increases the risk of oral cancer for non-smokers.

B greatly increases the risk of oral cancer for smokers.

C increases the risk of more than one cancer for non-smokers.

D greatly increases the risk of more than one cancer for smokers.

2.In the passage how many cancers are mentioned in relation to smoking cigars daily?

A Six.

B Seven.

C Eight.

D Nine.

3.What is the main idea of the article “Cigars： Health Effects and Trends" ?

A When it comes to cancer, cigars are not any safer than cigarettes.

B Cigars may be addictive while cigarettes are not easily so.

C Cigars contain less harmful substances than cigarettes.

D Increase in cigar-smoking does not affect public health much.

4.What is the doctors' advice to those cigar-smokers?

A To give it up completely.

B To give up part of it.

C Not to think about it any more.

D To cure the diseases first.

5. In the context of this passage, ” secondhand smoke" means

A smoking bad-quality cigars.

B smoking very cheap cigars.

C being near cigar smokers when they are not smoking.

D being near cigar smokers when they are smoking.

答案與題解：

1.D 第三段中“smoking three or four cigars a day increased the risk of oral cancer to 8.5 times, the risk for nonsmokers and the risk of esophageal cancer by four times the risk of nonsmokers." 談?wù)摿宋鼰熣呋及┌Y的可能性(與不吸煙者相比分別增加到8.5倍和4倍)。

2.B 第一段中提到 lip，tongue, mouth, throat 四種，第二段中提到 lung, esophagus, larynx 三 種，共七種，第三段中的oral是對lip, tongue, mouth等的統(tǒng)稱，不應(yīng)再算做一種。

3.A倒數(shù)第三段中的一句話概括了文章的中心，即"...cigars are not safe alternatives to cigarettes and may be addictive."

4.A 倒數(shù)第二段中醫(yī)生的建議是“To those currently smoking cigars, quitting is the only way to eliminate completely the cancer.”

5.D 二手吸煙，即我們所說的被動吸煙,最后一段中的“nonsmokers at cigar social events”提示了這一情景。

譯文：換抽雪茄?

政府研究表明一天抽一到兩支雪茄使唇、舌、口腔、咽喉得癌癥的幾率提高一倍。

馬里蘭的貝瑟斯達(dá)國家癌癥研究機構(gòu)的研究員說，每天抽雪茄增加肺癌和食管癌的發(fā)病率，會使喉癌的發(fā)病率提高6倍。

另外,報告指出一天抽三到四支雪茄會使口腔癌發(fā)病率提高到不吸煙者的8. 5倍，使食道癌的發(fā)病率提高到不吸煙者的4倍。

吸雪茄對健康的影響是文章《雪茄：健康影響與傾向》中八個問題中的一個。研究人員說，一支大雪茄排放出的煙草特有的致癌亞硝胺是一支香煙的90倍。

國家癌癥研究所的負(fù)責(zé)人Richard Klausner博士在一次發(fā)言中說：“這篇文章為國家提供了清楚而有價值信息,它指出了的關(guān)于雪茄消費的令人不安的增長及其對公眾健康造成的嚴(yán)重后果。”

“事實很顯然——雪茄中的有害物和致癌物和香煙一樣，與幾種癌癥和心臟、肺部疾病發(fā)病率的增長有關(guān)。”他又補充說:“換句話說，雪茄不是香煙的安全替代品，它一樣可以令人上癮。”

Klausner警告說：“對那些想要抽雪茄的人,我們的忠告是"~不要抽。對那些正在抽雪茄的人來說，要徹底消除癌癥、心臟病和肺病的患病風(fēng)險，唯一途徑就是戒煙。

國家癌癥研究所的新聞簡報透露,在雪茄對被動吸煙者的健康影響方面還沒有進(jìn)行研究，但是 “……大量的有力證據(jù)表明被動吸煙者中肺癌發(fā)病率增長了”。