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Multivitamins Urged for All Pregnant Women

A recent study in Tanzania found that when pregnant women took vitamins every day, fewer babies were bom too small. Babies that weigh less than two and one-half kilograms at birth have a greater risk of dying. Those that survive are more likely to experience problems with their development. And experts say that as adults they have a higher risk of diseases including heart disease and diabetes. The World Health Organization1 estimates that every year twenty million babies are bom with low birth weight. Nine out of ten of them are bom in developing countries.

The new study took place in Dar es Salaam. 4,200 pregnant women received multivitamins. The pills contained all of the vitamins in the B group along with2 vitamins C and E. They also contained several times more iron and folate than the levels advised for women in developed nations. Pregnant women especially in poor countries may find it difficult to get enough vitamins and minerals from the foods in their diet.

The scientists compared the findings with results from a group of 4,000 women who did not receive the vitamins. A report by the scientists, from the United States and Tanzania, appeared in the New England Journal of Medicine,3 Wafaie Fawzi of the Harvard University School of Public Health4 led the study. None of the women in the study had HTV, the virus that causes AIDS. The scientists reported earlier that daily multivitamins were a low-cost way to reduce fetal deaths in pregnant women infected with5 HIV. The earlier work in Tanzania also found improvement in the mothers in their number of blood cells known as lymphocytes. Lymphocytes increase the body’s immunity against infection.

The new study in pregnant women who were not infected with the AIDS virus found that multivitamins reduced the risk of low birth weight. Just under eight percent of the babies bom to women who took the multivitamins weighed less than 2,500 grams. The rate was almost nine and one-half percent in the group of women who received a placebo, an inactive pill, instead of the vitamins. But the vitamins did not do much to reduce the rates of babies being bom too early or dying while still a fetus. Still, the researchers say multivitamins should be considered for all pregnant women in developing countries.

詞匯：

multivitamin n.多種維生素制劑

urge v.他極力主張;強(qiáng)烈要求;敦促

pregnant adj.懷孕的,妊娠的

Tanzania n.坦桑尼亞(非洲國(guó)家)

diabetes n.糖尿病,多尿癥

Dar es Salaam n.達(dá)累斯薩拉姆(坦桑尼亞首都)

folate n.葉酸鹽

注釋：

1.World Health Organization (WHO):世界衛(wèi)生組織

2.along with：與……一起

3.New England Journal of Medicine:《新英格蘭醫(yī)學(xué)雜志》。New England是美國(guó)東北六州(Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island 和Connecticut)的總稱。

4.Harvard University School of Public Health:哈佛大學(xué)公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院

5.(be)infected with:感染上

練習(xí)：

1.How many babies are bom with low birth weight in the developed countries every year according to WHO?

A. 20,000,000.

B. 18,000,000.

C. 2,000,000.

D. 38,000,000.

2.A pill of multivitamins may contain all of the following substances EXCEPT

A. all vitamins in the B group.

B. vitamins C and E.

C. much iron and folate.

D. antiviral substances.

3.Which of the following is NOT one of the effects of multivitamins mentioned in the passage?

A. To reduce the rate of babies bom too early.

B. To reduce the risk of low birth weight.

C. To reduce fetal deaths in pregnant women infected with HTV.

D. To increase the number of lymphocytes in mothers’ blood.

4.What a role do lymphocytes play in the human body?

A. To reduce the rate of dying while still a fetus.

B. To raise the body’s immunity against infection.

C. To help prevent the development of heart disease.

D. To help prevent the development of diabetes.

5.How many percent of babies were bom with low birth weight to women who were not infected with the AIDS virus and took the multivitamins according to a new study?

A. Less than 8%.

B. About 9.5%.

C. L 5%.

D 17.5%.

答案與題解：

1.C第一段最后兩句說到，WHO估計(jì)每年有2,000萬出生嬰兒體重過低,其中十人中有九人生于發(fā)展中國(guó)家,可見發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家只占十分之一,故應(yīng)是200萬。

2.D文章第二段第二、三句已經(jīng)說明,選項(xiàng)A、B、C均是多種維生素片所含的物質(zhì),只有D項(xiàng)沒有提及,而且也不可能。

3.A關(guān)于多種維生素制劑的作用，B項(xiàng)在第四段第二句提到，C項(xiàng)在第三段倒數(shù)第三句提到，D項(xiàng)在第三段最后兩句提到,只有A項(xiàng)在第四段倒數(shù)第二句中提到它時(shí)卻說維生素對(duì)它不起什么作用。

4.B第三段最后一句是文章中唯一一句說明淋巴細(xì)胞在身體中的作用的句子,故是正確答案,其他A、C、D三項(xiàng)都與淋巴細(xì)胞無關(guān)。

5.A第四段第一句和第二句已經(jīng)將本題答案說得很清楚,其中的just under eight percent (只不足8% )正是A項(xiàng)的less than 8%。

譯文：孕期婦女宜多補(bǔ)充維制劑

近日，來自坦桑尼亞的研究顯示，孕期婦女若每日補(bǔ)充適量多種維生素制劑，則新生兒體重過輕 (即少于2.5 kg)的幾率將明顯減少。專家指出，體重過輕的新生兒死亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)要大大高于正常體 重的新生兒，且即使幸存下來，其成年后患很多疾病如心臟病和糖尿病的幾率也會(huì)高于常人。世界 衛(wèi)生組織估算，每年全世界有2,000萬體重過輕的嬰兒誕生，其中有90%出生在發(fā)展中國(guó)家。

此次研究試驗(yàn)在坦桑尼亞首都達(dá)累斯薩拉姆舉行，共有4,200名懷孕婦女參加了實(shí)驗(yàn)。她們服 用的多維制劑包括所有B族維生素、維生素C和維生素E,同時(shí)還包括劑量超出發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家給婦女的 建議服用量數(shù)倍的鐵和葉酸鹽。因?yàn)樵衅趮D女較常人更容易發(fā)生維生素和礦物質(zhì)攝入不足的現(xiàn)象， 尤其是在發(fā)展中國(guó)家。

作為對(duì)照組,研究者給另外4,000名孕婦服用了不含有維生素的安慰劑。來自美國(guó)和坦桑尼亞 的科學(xué)家們共同撰寫了實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告，并刊登在《新英格蘭醫(yī)學(xué)雜志》上，其中來自哈佛大學(xué)公共衛(wèi)生學(xué) 院的Wafaie Fawzi為此次研究的組織者。參加實(shí)驗(yàn)的所有懷孕婦女均非艾滋病病毒攜帶者。而在 更早的來自坦桑尼亞的研究報(bào)告中科學(xué)家曾指出，每日補(bǔ)充多維制劑對(duì)于已感染艾滋病的孕婦來說 是一種減少胎兒死亡幾率的成本較低的方式。研究同時(shí)檢測(cè)到，孕婦在服用多維制劑后其血液中的 淋巴細(xì)胞水平將會(huì)上升，而淋巴細(xì)胞可以增強(qiáng)人體免疫系統(tǒng)抵御傳染病的功能。

此次新的研究試驗(yàn)表明，補(bǔ)充多維制劑可以顯著降低新生兒體重過輕的概率。服用維生素的孕 婦組中，過輕嬰兒的比重為總數(shù)的8%，而服用安慰劑的對(duì)照組中，過輕嬰兒的比重接近9.5%。雖 然對(duì)于降低孕婦早產(chǎn)率和死胎率方面，維生素的作用并不明顯。最后，科學(xué)家呼吁，發(fā)展中國(guó)家應(yīng)努 力為所有孕期婦女及時(shí)補(bǔ)充多種維生素。