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Some Sleep Drugs Do More Than Make You Sleep

The United States Food and Drug Administration1 has ordered companies to place strong new warnings on thirteen drugs that treat sleep disorders. It also ordered the makers of the sleeping pills to provide information for patients explaining how to safely use the drugs.

Last Wednesday, the FDA announced that some of these drugs can have unexpected and dangerous effects. These include the risk of life-threatening allergic reactions. They also include rare incidents of strange behavior. These include people cooking food, eating and even driving while asleep. The patients later had no memory of doing these activities while asleep.

Last year, a member of the United States Congress2 said he had a sleep-driving incident. Patrick Kennedy, a representative from Rhode Island3，crashed his car into a security barrier near the building where lawmakers meet. The accident happened in the middle of the night and no one was hurt. Mr. Kennedy said he had earlier taken a sleep medicine. He said he was also being treated with a stomach sickness drug that could cause sleepiness.

The Food and Drug Administration did not say in its announcement how many cases of sleep-driving it had documented. However, the New York Times4 reported last year about people who said they had strange sleep events after taking the drug Ambien. Some reported sleep-driving and sleep-walking. Others said they found evidence after waking in the morning that they had cooked food or eaten in their sleep. But they had no memory of carrying out the activities.

A. Food and Drug Administration official says that these serious side effects of sleep disorder drugs appear to be rare. But, he also says there are probably more cases than are reported.5 He says the agency believes the risk of such behaviors could be reduced if people take the drugs as directed and do not drink alcohol while taking the drugs. The Food and Drug Administration has advised drug companies to carry out studies to investigate the problem.

詞匯：

disorder n. 障礙;紊亂;疾病

crash v.(使)碰撞

allergic adj. 變應(yīng)性的,過敏性的

lawmaker n.立法者,立法機關(guān)的成員,議員

incident n. 偶發(fā)事件,小事件

representative n. 代表

sickness n.疾病;惡心,嘔吐

stomach n.胃

document vt.記載

sleepiness n.昏昏欲睡

注釋：

1.United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA):美國食品及藥品管理局

2.United States Congress:美國國會

3.Rhode Island:羅得島(美國州名)

4.New York Times:《紐約時報》

5.But, he also said there are probably more cases than are reported.不過,他也說道,可能實際病例要比報道的多。請注意本句中than的用法。than后面連接了一個句子,可是卻沒有主語,學(xué)術(shù)界對此有兩種說法:一種認(rèn)為than是關(guān)系代詞,它本身在從句中作一個句子成分;另一種則認(rèn)為than仍為連接詞,后面省略了句子的部分成分。請看類似的句子：You spent more money than was intended to be spent.你花去的錢比預(yù)計的多。(請比較：You spent the money that was intended.)As the child grows, the jawbones grow also; therefore, there is space for more teeth than are in the first set.隨著孩子的長大,頜骨也隨著長大,因此就有空間供比第一套還要多的牙齒占用。

練習(xí)：

1.There are altogether 13 drugs treating sleep disorders in the United States.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

2.FDA considers it the producers’ duty to warn the users of sleeping pills about the serious side effects and to tell them how to use safely.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

3.An allergic reaction to sleeping pills may sometimes cause a user to die.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

4.A stomach sickness drug alone caused Patrick Kennedy to crash his car into a security barrier.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

5.FDA based its order upon a wide investigation of sleep-driving.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

6.Sleep-walking is also one of the serious side effects induced by taking sleeping pills.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

7.The appearance of one or another side effect after taking some sleeping pill is unavoidable.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

答案與題解：

1.C第一段第一句只說FDA命令制藥公司在13種安眠藥上貼上語氣堅定的新的警告語,但是沒有提到這13種是不是包括了美國所有的安眠藥。

2.A第一段中FDA命令制藥商貼新警告語并指導(dǎo)病人如何安全用藥,自然就認(rèn)為這是制藥商不可推卸的責(zé)任。

3.A第二段第一、二句說到,其中有些藥物具有意外的危險作用,包括威脅生命的過敏反應(yīng)。既然威脅到生命,那有時就可能引起死亡。

4.B請注意第三段最后一句的was also being treated,尤其是also,說明他服用安眠藥的同時也服用治嘔吐的藥,故不是單純后一種藥引起他的車禍。

5.C第四段第一句說，F(xiàn)DA沒有說它調(diào)查了多少昏昏迷迷開車的事例,因此我們并不知道它是否做過大量調(diào)查。

6.A第四段尤其是其中的第三句說到,服用安眠藥以后有人昏昏迷迷開車,有人夢游,因此夢游屬于副作用之一。

7.B最后一段說到,只要服安眠藥時按說明書服用而且不喝酒,危險行為就會減少,因此副作用并不是不可避免。

譯文：催眠安眠藥副作用不可輕視

美國食品及藥品管理局規(guī)定，商家必須在治療睡眠障礙的13種藥物上附上語氣堅定的新的警告語;同時規(guī)定安眠藥生產(chǎn)廠家應(yīng)向病人解釋清楚如何安全服藥。

上周三，食品及藥品管理局宣稱，有些安眠藥會產(chǎn)生意想不到的危險后果，包括威脅生命安全的過敏性反應(yīng)，以及人們服藥后的奇怪行為，例如有的人會在夢游時做飯、進食甚至開車。但是后來對自己睡著時的活動卻全然不知。

去年，美國國會官員，羅得島會議員代表Patrick Kennedy說他就有駕車夢游的事，把車撞到類立法人員辦公樓附近的安全柵欄上。幸虧事故發(fā)生在深夜，所以無人受傷。Kennedy說，那天晚上睡前他服用了安眠藥，也服用了使人困倦的胃藥。

食品及藥品管理局并沒有說明類似的有記載的駕車夢游的事件有多少。然而，《紐約時報》去年報道類有關(guān)人們承認(rèn)自己服用Ambien安眠藥后有奇怪夢游行為的事件，包括夢游與駕車夢游。也有人在早晨醒來后發(fā)現(xiàn)自己夢游時做過飯或吃過東西，但是卻不能回憶起睡夢中的行為。

食品及藥品管理局的一位官員說，治療睡眠障礙的藥物產(chǎn)生類似的嚴(yán)重副作用是比較少見的。不過，他也說道，可能實際病例要比報道的多。他說，食品及藥品管理局認(rèn)為如果人們按照說明謹(jǐn)慎服藥，并且服藥時不喝酒，這樣的危險行為就會減少。食品及藥品管理局已經(jīng)向藥品生產(chǎn)廠家提出建議，希望他們能針對這一問題進行研究。