2014年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試時(shí)間為3月29日。小編為您整理職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)衛(wèi)生類(lèi)教材中完形填空部分的文章及譯文,希望對(duì)您有所助益。
Exercise
Whether or not exercise adds_____1_____the length of life, it is common experience that a certain_____2_____of regular exercise improves the health and contributes a feeling of well-being. Furthermore, exercise_____3_____involves play and recreation, and relieves nervous tension and mental fatigue in so doing, is not only pleasant but beneficial.
How much and what kind of exercise one should _____4_____ merits careful consideration. The growing child and the normal young man and young woman thrill with the exhilaration of strenuous sports.1 They fatigue to the_____5_____of exhaustion but recover promptly with a period of rest. But not so with______6____of middle age and beyond. For them moderation is_____7_____vital importance. Just how much exercise a person of a given age can safely take is a question_____8_____to answer. Individual variability is_____9_____great to permit of generalization. A game of tennis may be perfectly safe for one person of forty but folly for another. The safe limit for exercise______10____on the condition of the heart, the condition of the muscles, the type of exercise, and the regularity with which it is taken. Two general suggestions, however, will______11____as sound advice for anyone. The first is that the condition of this heart and general health should be_____12_____periodically by careful, thorough physical examinations. The_____13_____is that exercise should be kept below the point of physical exhaustion.
What type of exercise one should_____14_____depends upon one’s physical condition. Young people can safely enjoy vigorous competitive sports, but most older persons do better to limit themselves to less strenuous activities.2 Walking, swimming, skating are among the sports that one can enjoy and safely participate_____15_____throughout life. Regularity is important if one is to get the most enjoyment and benefit out of exercise.3
詞匯:
well-being n.康樂(lè)
recreation n娛樂(lè),消遣
fatigue n.疲勞
thrill vt. vi. n.激動(dòng)
exhilaration n.高興;振奮
strenuous adj.緊張的;費(fèi)力的
exhaustion n.筋疲力盡
promptly adv.迅速地
moderation n.適度,適中
variability n.變異性,可變性
generalization n.一般化,普遍化
folly n.愚蠢,蠢事
regularity n.規(guī)律性
periodically adv.定期地
vigorous adj.精力充沛的,有力的
competitive adj.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的,比賽的
skate vi.滑冰
enjoyment n.享受,歡樂(lè),愉快
注釋?zhuān)?/strong>
1. The growing child and the normal young man and young woman thrill with the exhilaration of strenuous sports.發(fā)育中的兒童和一般的青年男女都會(huì)因緊張劇烈的運(yùn)動(dòng)而激動(dòng)不已。
2. ...but most older persons do better to limit themselves to less strenuous actlyities.,但大多數(shù)老年人最好還是把自己的活動(dòng)限制在不太劇烈的程度之內(nèi)。do better to do sth.:最好做……事情。limit sb./sth. to sth.:把……限制在……(范圍內(nèi))。
3. Regularity is important if one is to get the most enjoyment and benefit out of exercise.如果任何人想從體育鍛煉中獲得最大的樂(lè)趣和益處,那么有規(guī)律是很重要的事情。be to do sth.:打算做…(事情)。這里的be是助動(dòng)詞,與不定式一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ),表示預(yù)定、命令、責(zé)任、義務(wù)、意圖、可能性等,意思是:“準(zhǔn)備、應(yīng)該、必須、打算”。例如:
We are to meet at 5.我們計(jì)劃五點(diǎn)見(jiàn)面。
At what time am I to come? 我應(yīng)該在什么時(shí)候來(lái)?
You are not to do that.不許你那么做。
練習(xí):
1.A. for B. to C. at D. of
2.A. heaviness B. highness C. amount D. number
3.A. which B. where C. when D. why
4.A. carry B. make C. bring D. take
5.A. point B. place C. left D. reverse
6.A. these B. this C. those D. that
7.A. against B. below C. on D. of
8.A. easy B. hard C. impossible D. unnecessary
9.A. very B. too C. constantly D. considerably
10.A. depends B. bases C. acts D. carries
11.A. refer B. regard C. serve D. treat
12.A. delayed B. defended C. designed D. determined
13.A. other B. another C. one D. same
14.A. endure B. choose C. rebuild D. produce
15.A. with B. from C. in D. on
答案與題解:
1.B 在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,add只可以與to搭配,意為“增加”,正符合上下文的意思。
2.C 在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,A和B顯然不符合邏輯,可供考慮的只有C和D。需要考慮的是,exercise這個(gè)詞,如果作為“體育鍛煉”講是不可數(shù)名詞,只有作為“一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)”講時(shí)才是可數(shù)名詞,根據(jù)上下文意思,exercise也不是用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)體育項(xiàng)目的(沒(méi)有用復(fù)數(shù)),而amount正好與不可數(shù)名詞連用,number則須與可數(shù)名詞連用,故應(yīng)選C。
3.A 從語(yǔ)法上分析,主句主語(yǔ)exercise的謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是is not only pleasant but beneficial,中間顯然應(yīng)該是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,定語(yǔ)從句所缺少的是主語(yǔ),故應(yīng)選A。
4.D 從語(yǔ)法上分析,one should+動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該是前面那個(gè)主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句,只是定語(yǔ)從句的賓語(yǔ)which/that被省略了,而四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有take可與exercise搭配,故應(yīng)選D。
5.A 回答這一道題,首先要知道point這個(gè)詞,既可表達(dá)時(shí)間(“時(shí)刻”)或空間(“地點(diǎn)”)也可表達(dá)“程度”的意思,to the point of正是“達(dá)到……的地步/程度”的意思,符合上下文要求。
6.C 本空格后面的of middle age and beyond提示了本空格要填的詞應(yīng)該是指“人”的詞,而且不止一個(gè)人,從上下文看,these顯然不合適,因?yàn)樯衔牟](méi)有特指哪些人,故只有C合適。
7.D 本句中is后面應(yīng)該是表語(yǔ)部分,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有of合適,of importance=important, of vital importance=very,very important。
8.B 從語(yǔ)法上分析,這個(gè)空必須填上一個(gè)形容詞作question的定語(yǔ),從上下文分析,只能是hard合適,因?yàn)檫@里的hard=difficult。
9.B 前句已經(jīng)說(shuō)到,“不同年齡的人從事多少運(yùn)動(dòng)是一個(gè)難以回答的問(wèn)題”,顯然本句就應(yīng)是“個(gè)人的差異太大,無(wú)法一概而論”,因此選擇too是最恰當(dāng)?shù)。我們都知道,too...to... 的結(jié)構(gòu)具有否定的意義,too great to permit of generalization正是這個(gè)意思。
10.A 雖然四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都可以與on搭配,但act on是“按照……行動(dòng)”的意思,carry on是“進(jìn)行”的意思,不符合上下文要求,只有depend on(“取決于……”)和base on(“根據(jù)……”) 可以考慮,但base是及物動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)該“base sth. on...",故只能選擇A。
11.C 雖然四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都可以與as連用,但用法和意義各有不同,refer to sb./sth. as把……說(shuō)成……;regard sb. /sth. as把……當(dāng)成……;treat sb./sth. as把……當(dāng)成……;均不符合上下文的要求,只有serve as(“充當(dāng)……,作為……”)才在語(yǔ)法上和意義上恰當(dāng)。
12.D 前面A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)的詞義分別為“推遲”“保護(hù)”“設(shè)計(jì)”,與上下文意義風(fēng)馬牛不相及,只有D項(xiàng)“測(cè)定、確定”才是恰當(dāng)選項(xiàng)。
13.A 前面說(shuō)到有兩個(gè)一般性的建議,并且已提到“第一個(gè)”,那么“另一個(gè)”只能考慮A、B兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)了。二者都有“另一個(gè)”的意思,只是用法不同,another不用冠詞,而the other則需要定冠詞the,故選A。
14.B 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中A、C.D三個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思與上下文相去甚遠(yuǎn),只有B項(xiàng)合適。one should choose是用來(lái)做前面主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句,在定語(yǔ)從句中省略了賓語(yǔ)that/which。
15.C 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有in可與participate連用,意為“參加”in的賓語(yǔ)是引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞that。
譯文:體育運(yùn)動(dòng)
不論體育運(yùn)動(dòng)是否能延長(zhǎng)人的壽命,人們普遍認(rèn)為,適量而有規(guī)律的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)可以增強(qiáng)體質(zhì),并使人愉悅。另外,體育運(yùn)動(dòng)及玩樂(lè)和消遣于一體,可以使人放松緊張情緒,緩解精神疲勞。因此,做運(yùn)動(dòng)一舉兩得:既能放松,有有益于身心健康。
一個(gè)人適合做什么樣的體育運(yùn)動(dòng),運(yùn)動(dòng)強(qiáng)度如何?這些問(wèn)題值得人們注意。發(fā)育中的兒童和一般的青年男女都會(huì)因緊張劇烈的運(yùn)動(dòng)而激動(dòng)不已。即使累得筋疲力盡, 他們也能在一段休息之后很快恢復(fù)體力。但是中年及中年以上的人就做不到。對(duì)這些人來(lái)說(shuō),運(yùn)動(dòng)適度是很重要的。不同年齡的人從事多少運(yùn)動(dòng)是一個(gè)難以回答的問(wèn) 題。個(gè)人的差異太大,無(wú)法一概而論。某種網(wǎng)球運(yùn)動(dòng)可能對(duì)于某個(gè)40歲的人來(lái)說(shuō)是安全的,但對(duì)于另一個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō)卻不合適。運(yùn)動(dòng)的安全范圍取決于認(rèn)得心臟狀況、 肌肉狀況、運(yùn)動(dòng)類(lèi)型以及進(jìn)行運(yùn)動(dòng)的規(guī)律性。但是下面兩個(gè)一般性建議適合所有人。一個(gè)建議是應(yīng)該定期進(jìn)行細(xì)致的體檢,查看心臟情況和總體體質(zhì)。另一個(gè)建議是 運(yùn)動(dòng)強(qiáng)度要適度,不應(yīng)使人筋疲力盡。
一個(gè)人選擇哪種類(lèi)型的運(yùn)動(dòng)取決于他的體質(zhì)。年輕人可以放心地參加有力度的競(jìng)技性運(yùn)動(dòng),但大多數(shù)老年人最好還是把自己的活動(dòng)限制在不太劇烈的程度之內(nèi)。散 步、游泳和滑冰是人們喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)并且各個(gè)年齡段的人都可以參加。任何人想從體育運(yùn)動(dòng)中獲得最大的樂(lè)趣和益處,那么有規(guī)律就很重要了。
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