2014年職稱英語考試時間為3月29日。小編為您整理職稱英語衛(wèi)生類教材中補全短文部分的文章及譯文，希望對您有所助益。

Chest Compressions: Most Important of CPR

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, or CPR, can save the life of someone whose heart has stopped. The condition is called cardiac arrest2. The heart stops pumping blood. The person stops breathing. Without lifesaving measures, the brain starts to die within four to six minutes. CPR combines breathing into the victim’s mouth and repeated presses on the chest.____1____

However, a new Japanese study questions the usefulness of mouth-to-mouth breathing. The study was published in the British medical magazine, The Lancet3. Doctors in Tokyo led the research. It examined more than four thousand people who had suffered cardiac arrest. In all the cases, witnesses saw the event happen.

More than one thousand of the victims received some kind of medical assistance from witnesses. Seven hundred and twelve received CPR. Four hundred and thirty-nine received chest presses only.____2____The researchers say any kind of CPR improved chances of the patient’s survival. But, they said those people treatpd with only chest presses suffered less brain damage. Twenty-two percent survived with good brain ability.____3____

The American Heart Association4 changed its guidelines for CPR chest presses in 2005.____4____Gordon Ewy is a heart doctor at the University of Arizona College of Medicine in Tucson. He wrote a report that appeared with the study. Doctor Ewy thinks the CPR guidelines should be changed again. He said the heart association should remove rescue breaths from the guidelines. He argues that more witnesses to cardiac arrests would provide treatment if rescue breaths are not a part of CPR. He says this would save lives.____5____

Cardiac arrest kills more than 300,000 people in the United States every year. The American Heart Association says about ninety-five percent of victims die before they get to a medical center.

詞匯：

chest n.胸,胸廓

compression n.壓迫;加壓

pump n.泵;vt.壓出

lifesaving adj.救生的;n.救生(法)

press vt. &n.壓,按

Tokyo n.東京(日本)

witness n.目擊者，證人川.見證,作證

rescue vt. &n.救援，營救

guideline n. 方針，準則

注釋：

1.CPR (cardiopulmanory resuscitation)：心肺復蘇(術)

2.cardiac arrest ( = heart arrest)：心動停止,心搏停止

3.The Lancet ：柳葉刀(英國一家外科學雜志的名稱，lancet原義是一種外科手術刀的名稱)

4.American Heart Association (AHA)：美國心臟協會

練習：

A. So far, we have not known exactly yet whether mouth-to-mouth breathing is really useless in CPR.

B. Only ten percent of the victims treated with traditional CPR survived with good brain ability.

C. CPR keeps blood and oxygen flowing to the heart and brain.

D. His studies show that many people do not want to perform mouth-to-mouth breathing on a stranger for fear of getting a disease.

E. It said people should increase the number of chest presses from fifteen to thirty for every two breaths given.

F. No mouth-to-mouth rescue breaths were given to them.

答案與題解：

1.C本空白處的前一句是介紹CPR是什么,而六個選項中，C項也是介紹CPR的,因此放在一起是恰當的。

2.F本空白處的前一句說“439位病人僅僅接受了胸腔按壓”，而第一段說過,“CPR包括胸部按壓和口對口呼吸”，可見F項說“沒做口對口呼吸的急救措施”是補充說明前一句的。

3.B本空白處的前面兩句說到,只用胸部按壓搶救過來的人大腦受損比較小,存活下來的人中有22%大腦功能良好,接下來這一句肯定是要與傳統的兩種方法結合的搶救模式作對比,選項B正好是這樣的內容。

4.E本空白處的前一句是說美國心臟協會于2005年修改了CPR中胸部按壓的指導準則,空白處的后面又沒有提到如何修改,選項E正好填補了這個內容。而且還要注意,選項E中的It said只能適用于American Heart Association,其他空白處均不合適。

5.D這一段都是敘述心臟疾病醫(yī)生Gordon Ewy的觀點,在其他地方都沒有提到他,選項D 實際上已經為我們提供了答題的線索,內容也能前后銜接。

譯文：胸腔壓迫：最重要的心肺復蘇術

心肺復蘇術，即CPR，可以挽救心臟已經停止跳動的人的生命。這種情況被稱為心搏停止。心臟停止供血。人停止呼吸。如果不采用急救的方法，大腦將在四到六分鐘內死亡。心肺復蘇術使呼吸的氣流送入遇難者的口腔，并不停地按壓胸腔。它使血液和氧氣源源不斷地進入心臟和大腦。

然而，日本一項新研究質疑這種嘴對嘴呼吸進行救助的有效性。該研究發(fā)表于英國醫(yī)學雜志，《柳葉刀》，由東京的外殼醫(yī)生牽頭。研究調查類4000余名曾遭遇過心搏停止的患者。在所有的這些病例中，均有人目擊類事件發(fā)生的過程。

1000余名患者接受類來自于目擊者的某種醫(yī)療救助。712名患者接受類心臟復蘇術的救助。439名病人僅僅接受類胸腔按壓，而未接受口對口的人工呼吸救助。研究者說任何一種心臟復蘇術都會增加患者生存下來的幾率。但是，他們說，那些只被施與了胸腔擠壓的患者遭受腦損傷更小。其中22%的人在大腦能力健全的情況下生存了下來。而對于那些接受傳統心肺復蘇術并生存下來的病人來說，僅僅只有10%的人能保持正常的大腦能力。

美國心臟協會于2005年修改類CPR胸部按壓的指導準則。準則每經過兩次人工呼吸，胸腔按壓的次數應從15次增加為30次。Gordon Ewy是亞利桑那州圖森醫(yī)學院的心臟科醫(yī)生。他根據這項研究寫了一篇報告。他認為心肺復蘇術指導準則應該被再次修改。他建議心臟協會應該把呼吸救助從指導準則中刪除。他說，如果心臟復蘇術不包括人工呼吸，更多的事故見證人對胸搏停止者提供救助。這種辦法能過挽救生命。他的研究表明，許多人出于害怕感染疾病的顧慮，并不愿意對陌生人施與嘴對嘴的呼吸救助。

每年在美國有30余萬人死于心搏停止。美國心臟協會稱，大約有95%的人在被送至醫(yī)療中心前死去。