2014年職稱英語考試時(shí)間為3月29日。小編為您整理職稱英語衛(wèi)生類教材中補(bǔ)全短文部分的文章及譯文，希望對您有所助益。

Leukemia

Leukemia is the most common type of cancer kids get, but it is still very rare. Leukemia involves the blood and blood-forming organs, such as the bone marrow.___1___

A kid with leukemia produces lots of abnormal white blood cells in the bone marrow. Usually, white blood cells fight infection, but the white blood cells in a person with leukemia don’t work the way they’re supposed to. ___2___The abnormal white blood cells multiply out of control1, filling the bone marrow and making it hard for enough normal, infection-fighting white blood cells to form. Other blood cells — such as red blood cells (that carry oxygen in the blood to the body’s tissues) and platelets (that allow blood to clot) — are also crowded out2 by the white blood cells of leukemia. These cancer cells may also move to other parts of the body, including the bloodstream, where they continue to multiply and build up3.

Although leukemia can make kids sick, most of the time it is treatable, and kids get better. Almost all leukemia patients are treated with chemotherapy, which means using anti-cancer drugs.

___3___Chemotherapy quickly goes to work, traveling through the blood to the bone marrow. There, the drugs can attack the cancer cells. After several weeks of chemotherapy, many kids begin to feel better.

Some children with leukemia will also have to have radiation therapy, too. ___4___

If the cancer isn’t getting better from using the usual amounts of chemotherapy and radiation, then kid with leukemia will probably need more treatment —with higher doses of chemotherapy and radiation to finally kill the cancer cells. But this heavy-duty treatment will also harm the normal cells in the kid’s bone marrow too, and the bone marrow will no longer be able to produce normal blood cells. So, doctors will then give a kid — or anyone else with bone marrow that is no longer working — normal bone marrow tissue from someone else who is healthy. ___5___

詞匯：

leukemia 白血病 marrow 髓 innermost 最內(nèi)的，最深處的

abnormal 反常的，變態(tài)的 infection 感染 multiply .增加，繁殖

platelet 血小板 clot (血等)凝結(jié)成塊 bloodstream 血流

chemotherapy 化學(xué)療法 catheter 導(dǎo)管 insert 插入，嵌入

invisible 看不見的，無形的 cancerous 生癌的;患癌癥的

heavy-duty . 重型的;大劑量的 transplant 移植

注釋：

1.out of control：失去控制;不受控制

2.are also crowded out：也被排擠出去

3.build up：逐漸積聚;集結(jié)

練習(xí)：

A. The chemotherapy drugs are given through a catheter, a narrow tube that is inserted into a blood vessel, sometimes in the kid’s upper chest.

B. Early symptoms of leukemia are often overlooked, since they may resemble symptoms of the flu or other common diseases.

C. This is a special procedure called a bone marrow transplant, and it helps the patient make new blood cells so they can recover from the leukemia.

D. Bone marrow is the innermost part of some bones where blood cells are first made.

E. They don’t protect the person from infections very well.

F. Radiation therapy uses invisible high-energy waves (similar to X-rays) to kill cancerous cells.

答案與題解：

1.D前一句提到，白血病涉及血液和造血器官，如骨髓。接下來應(yīng)首選闡釋骨髓的句子。

2.E前一句講，通常情況下，白細(xì)胞會對抗感染，但是白血病病人身上的白細(xì)胞卻發(fā)揮不了其應(yīng)當(dāng)發(fā)揮的作用。這意味著它們不能很好地保護(hù)病人免受感染的侵襲。

3.A前一句涉及化學(xué)療法，即抗癌藥物的使用。接下來應(yīng)首選表達(dá)如何使用化療藥物的句子。

4.F前一句講到，有些患白血病的孩子也將接受放射治療。接下來應(yīng)選擇能夠說明放射治療的句子。

5.C此段的主要意思是，接受大劑量化療的白血病患者骨髓可能出現(xiàn)問題，不再正常發(fā)揮作用。這時(shí)，醫(yī)生就要把一個(gè)正常人的骨髓組織移到他身上。這一醫(yī)療措施的名稱及其作用應(yīng)該是下一句話所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容。

譯文：白血病

白血病是兒童所得癌癥中最普遍的一種病癥，不過這種病仍然是很少的。白血病涉及血液和造血器官，如骨髓。骨髓是一些骨頭中最內(nèi)部的部分，并在那里產(chǎn)生紅細(xì)胞。

患白血病的孩子會在骨髓中產(chǎn)生大量不正常的白細(xì)胞。通常情況下，白細(xì)胞會對抗感染，但白血病人身上的 白細(xì)胞卻發(fā)揮不了其應(yīng)有的作用，它們不能保護(hù)人體免受感染。骨髓中不正常的白細(xì)胞的繁殖無法控制，使得骨髓中難以形成足夠的正常感染的白細(xì)胞。其他的血細(xì)胞，像紅白細(xì)胞(將血液中的氧氣運(yùn)送到身體其他器官的細(xì)胞)、血小板(凝血功能的細(xì)胞)也被白血病產(chǎn)生的白細(xì)胞排擠出去。這些癌細(xì)胞還可能擴(kuò)散到身體的其他部位，包括血液，并在那里繼續(xù)繁殖積聚。

盡管白血病令兒童身受其苦，大大多數(shù)情況下還是可以治愈的，孩子們也會好起來的。幾乎所有的白血病患者都要接受化療，即采用抗癌藥物�；�療藥物通過導(dǎo)管進(jìn)入病體，導(dǎo)管就是插在病人血管中的一根細(xì)管，有時(shí)插入孩子的胸上部。化療能很快起效，抗癌藥物通過血液到達(dá)骨髓并殺死癌細(xì)胞。警告經(jīng)過幾周的化療，很多孩子都會感覺好一些。

有些患白血病的兒童還必須采用放射療法。放療采用肉眼看不見的高能光波(類似X光)來殺死癌細(xì)胞。

如果使用正常量度的放療和化療不能使病情好轉(zhuǎn)的話，那么這個(gè)孩子可能需要接受更多的治療，用更大劑量的放療和化療來治療以最終殺死癌細(xì)胞。但是大劑量的化療可能有害于白血病患兒骨髓中的正常細(xì)胞，使骨髓不能產(chǎn)生正常的血細(xì)胞。因此，醫(yī)生會把正常人的骨髓組織一直到這個(gè)患兒或任何一個(gè)骨髓不能正常工作的人身上，這就是名叫骨髓移植的特殊療法，它能幫助病人產(chǎn)生新的血細(xì)胞來戰(zhàn)勝白血病而康復(fù)。