2014年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試時(shí)間為3月29日。小編為您整理職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)衛(wèi)生類(lèi)教材中補(bǔ)全短文部分的文章及譯文,希望對(duì)您有所助益。
U. S., European Drug Officials Approve Inhaled Insulin
A form of insulin for people with diabetes to take by mouth is expected to be sold within a few months. The new medicine is called Exubera1. The United States Food and Drug Administration2 and the European Commission3 both recently approved it for adults. It could make life easier for many diabetics who require daily injections of insulin to control their blood sugar levels. But it will not replace all insulin injections. And it is not for everyone. People who smoke or have stopped smoking for less than six months should not take Exubera. 1
Three drug companies — Pfizer, Sanofi-Aventis and Nektar Therapeutics — developed the inhaled insulin. 2 Experts say about fifteen percent of diabetics who need insulin do not take it. The treatment can involve several injections each day.
Insulin is a hormone that the body uses to change food into energy. Failure to control blood sugar levels can lead to serious problems, including blindness and loss of blood flow to the feet. It can also lead to heart disease, stroke and kidney failure4. Insulin has been sold as a drug since the nineteen twenties. This is the first new way to take it. Exubera uses a powder breathed into the lungs through a mouthpiece. Pfizer will study the long-term effects. It says some patients have reported a mild cough while using the inhaled insulin. 3
Many people do not know they have diabetes. There are two forms. Most diabetics have the Type Two form. Their body does not make enough insulin or cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. 4 Most Type Two diabetics do not take insulin. Their medicines can be taken by mouth. Diet, exercise and weight control are also important. Type One diabetes often begins in childhood. 5
Officials say diabetics with either type could use inhaled insulin, either before or after a meal. But Type One diabetics and some with Type Two would still need a longer-lasting injection at least once a day.
詞匯:
inhale 吸入;vi.吸氣 insuli n .胰島素
diabetes 糖尿病;多尿癥 diabetic 糖尿病的;n.糖尿病患者
injection .注射;注射液,針劑 therapeutics 治療學(xué);療法,治療
hormone .激素,荷爾蒙 stroke (疾病)發(fā)作;中風(fēng) mouthpiece 接口管
注釋?zhuān)?/strong>
1.Exubera:一種胰島素霧化吸入劑的藥品名
2.United States Food and Drug Administration:美國(guó)食品及藥品管理局
3.European Commission:歐盟委員會(huì)(簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)歐委會(huì),是歐盟的常設(shè)機(jī)構(gòu),也是歐盟唯一有權(quán)起草法令的機(jī)構(gòu))
4.kidney failure:腎衰竭(這里failure是“衰竭”的意思)
練習(xí):
A.With this type the body is unable to produce insulin.
B.Pfizer recently bought the rights to sell it worldwide.
C.The control of their blood sugar levels is most important for patients with diabetes.
D.It is common in people who are overweight and not active.
E.Some patients with lung disease should not take it either.
F.People are advised to have their lungs examined before using Exubera, and at least once a year after that.
答案與題解:
1.E此空白處的前一句說(shuō)抽煙的人和戒煙不足夫個(gè)月的人不能使用Exubera”,而選項(xiàng)E說(shuō)“一些患有肺部疾病的病人也不能用”,這里either實(shí)際上起到提示作用,使前后句緊密銜接。
2.B此空白處的前一句說(shuō)到,“三家制藥公司研發(fā)了這種吸入型的胰島素”,那么怎么銷(xiāo)售呢?選項(xiàng)B,“Pfizer公司最近買(mǎi)到全球的銷(xiāo)售權(quán)”填到這里是再恰當(dāng)不過(guò)的了。
3.F本空白處的前一句說(shuō)到有些患者在使用吸入型胰島素時(shí)有輕度咳嗽”,那根據(jù)推理自然要叫這種病人去做肺部檢查,選項(xiàng)F正是這方面的內(nèi)容,而且肺部檢查只有與咳嗽才能聯(lián)系在一起,無(wú)法將其填入其他空白處。
4.D本段解釋兩種類(lèi)型的糖尿病。“II型糖尿病患者的身體無(wú)法制造足夠的胰島素或者無(wú)法有效利用身體所產(chǎn)生的胰島素”,而前面已經(jīng)說(shuō)到,身體就是利用胰島素來(lái)將食物轉(zhuǎn)化成能量的,所以根據(jù)推理,“肥胖并不活動(dòng)的人”一定易患II型糖尿病。
5.A空白處的前一句說(shuō),“I型糖尿病常常在兒童時(shí)期就開(kāi)始”,即使沒(méi)有醫(yī)學(xué)常識(shí)的人也應(yīng)該從前面介紹II型糖尿病中找到本空白處的答案,因?yàn)榍懊嬲f(shuō)到,“II型糖尿病患者的身體無(wú)法制造足夠的胰島素或者無(wú)法有效利用身體所產(chǎn)生的胰島素”,可見(jiàn)II型糖尿病患者的身體多少還是能夠制造胰島素的,相比之下,I型糖尿病患者的身體一定“不能制造胰島素”了。
譯文:美國(guó)及歐洲藥品機(jī)構(gòu)準(zhǔn)入吸入型胰島素
糖尿病患者使用的口服胰島素有望于數(shù)月內(nèi)上市。新的藥品名為Exubera。近日,美國(guó)食品和藥品管理局和歐盟批準(zhǔn)了成人使用該藥品。這種藥品會(huì)使那些每日依靠胰島素注射來(lái)控制血糖水平的糖尿病患者們的生活輕松一些。但是它并不能取代所有的胰島素注射,也并不適用于所有人群。抽煙的人和戒煙不足六個(gè)月的人不能使用Exubera。一些患有肺部疾病的病人也不能使用這種新藥。
Pfizer, Sanofi-Aventis and Nektar Therapeutics這三家制藥公司研發(fā)了這種吸入型的胰島素。而Pfizer公司最近買(mǎi)到全球銷(xiāo)售權(quán)。專(zhuān)家車(chē),大約有15%需要胰島素的糖尿病患者并沒(méi)有服用該藥。治療仍然有每日數(shù)次的注射。
胰島素是一種幫助身體將食物轉(zhuǎn)化為能量的荷爾蒙。血糖水平失控將導(dǎo)致很多嚴(yán)重地問(wèn)題,包括失明以及腳部血液供應(yīng)不足。它同樣會(huì)導(dǎo)致心臟疾病、中風(fēng)以及腎衰竭。從20世紀(jì)20年代開(kāi)始,胰島素就被作為藥品銷(xiāo)售。但這是一種全新的使用胰島素的方法。作為粉末狀的藥品,Exubera能夠通過(guò)管子被吸入肺部。Pfizer公司將對(duì)該藥品的長(zhǎng)期效應(yīng)做研究。有些患者稱(chēng)在使用吸入型胰島素時(shí)有輕度咳嗽;颊弑唤ㄗh接受肺部檢查,并在一年之后方可開(kāi)始使用吸入型胰島素。
許多人并不知道自己患有糖尿病。糖尿病有兩種。大多數(shù)人屬于Ⅱ型糖尿病患者,他們的身體無(wú)法制造足夠的胰島素或者無(wú)法有效利用身體所產(chǎn)生的胰島素。這種類(lèi)型的肥胖和少動(dòng)的人中比較常見(jiàn)。這類(lèi)患者的藥品可以口服。飲食、鍛煉、控制體重也同樣重要。而Ⅰ型糖尿病通常在兒童時(shí)代就開(kāi)始了。該類(lèi)患者的身體不能產(chǎn)生胰島素。
相關(guān)部門(mén)稱(chēng),Ⅰ型糖尿病患者和Ⅱ型糖尿病患者均可以在飯前或飯后使用吸入型胰島素。但是Ⅰ型糖尿病患者和部分Ⅱ型糖尿病患者仍然需要一天不少于一次地長(zhǎng)期胰島素注射治療。
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