衛(wèi)生類(lèi)職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試語(yǔ)法：

3、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，完成在過(guò)去，但強(qiáng)調(diào)與現(xiàn)在情況仍有聯(lián)系，其結(jié)果或影響仍存在�，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)有一些標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：

考點(diǎn)一：for + 時(shí)間段；since + 時(shí)間點(diǎn)

They have lived in Beijing for five years.

They have lived in Beijing since 1995.

I have learned English for ten years.

考點(diǎn)二：常見(jiàn)的不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：lately； recently，just，already，yet，up to now； till now； so far，these days，

Has it stopped raining yet?

考點(diǎn)三：在表示“最近幾世紀(jì)/ 年/ 月以來(lái)……”時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

in the past few years/months/weeks/days；over the past few years； during the last three months； for the last few centuries，through centuries； throughout history 等

考點(diǎn)四：表示“第幾次做某事，”或在 “It is the best （worst，most interesting ） +名詞 ＋that” 后面跟現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

This is my first time that I have visited China.

This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.

That is the only book that he has written.

4.一般過(guò)去時(shí)

表在過(guò)去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間發(fā)生且完成的動(dòng)作，或過(guò)去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，不強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，只說(shuō)明過(guò)去。常跟明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間連用，如：yesterday； last week； in 1945，at that time； once； during the war； before； a few days ago； when，注意：

考點(diǎn)一：used to + do，表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常但現(xiàn)在已不再維持的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作。to為不定式，后接動(dòng)詞原形。

be/become/get used to + doing，表示習(xí)慣于

He used to smoke a lot.

He has got used to getting up early.

考點(diǎn)二：在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。

He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise

5.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)

表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)或某段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work.

He was taking a walk leisurely by the lake when he heard someone shouted for help.

What were you doing at nine last night?

The radio was being repaired when you called me.

6.過(guò)去完成時(shí)

表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，即過(guò)去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，句中有明顯的參照動(dòng)作或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，這種時(shí)態(tài)從來(lái)不孤立使用 （ before，after，by，up till ）

There had been 25 parks in our city up till 2000.

By the end of last term we had finished the book.

They finished earlier than we had expected.

考點(diǎn)一：用于hardly/scarcely……when； no sooner ……than 句型中，主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me.

I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow.

No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang.（注意主謂倒裝）

考點(diǎn)二：表示“第幾次做某事”，主句用過(guò)去時(shí)，從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。

That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.

It was 3 years since we had parted.

考點(diǎn)三：動(dòng)詞hope，expect，think，intend，mean，want，suppose，plan 用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表示未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望、打算和意圖。

I had hoped that I could do the job.

I had intended to see you but I was too busy.