Ⅰ.形容詞和副詞的概念及區(qū)別

形容詞修飾的是名詞或代詞，表示人或事物的性質(zhì)、特征或狀態(tài)。形容詞在句子中作定語、表語或賓語補足語。

Once a rich woman invited Martin Brown，a famous singer，to her house.

These ideas may seem strange to you.

They keep their room clean.

某些表示特征的形容詞(如blind，dead，old，young，rich，poor，brave，wounded等)和定冠詞連用從而名詞化，可泛指一類人，在句中作主語、賓語等

The aged are well taken care of in our society.

The departed was a good teacher in our department.

副詞修飾的是動詞、形容詞、副詞或全句，說明時間、地點、程度、方式等概念。副詞在句子中大都作狀語，也有一些副詞作表語和定語。本文|由職業(yè)培訓(xùn)教育網(wǎng)獨家整理。 

After a while a light smoke came slowly out of the jar.

I must be off now.

I met her on my way home.

名師介紹：周涵，職稱英語考試輔導(dǎo)專家，職業(yè)培訓(xùn)教育網(wǎng)職稱英語網(wǎng)絡(luò)輔導(dǎo)老師，曾在多家知名培訓(xùn)機構(gòu)及人事考試中心主講職稱英語考試輔導(dǎo)課程；參與編寫大量職稱英語考試輔導(dǎo)教材；諳熟職稱英語的命題規(guī)律和教材精髓，針對考試的六大題型總結(jié)出一套適合成人特點、簡單易學(xué)的快速提分應(yīng)試技巧，使眾多學(xué)子順利通過考試。

周涵　2014年職稱英語考試介紹及課程特色介紹　 免費試聽 購買

Ⅱ.形容詞和副詞的級

1.形容詞的比較級和最高級

構(gòu)成方法	原級	比較級	最高級
單音節(jié)詞在詞尾加-er（[E]）或-est（[ist））	high tall	higher taller	highest tallest
以字母e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞，只加-r或-st	large wide	larger wider	largest widest
以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞，如果末尾只有一個輔音字母，應(yīng)先雙寫這個輔音字母，再加-er或-est	thin big	thinner bigger	thinnest biggest
以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞，先把y變成i，再加- er或-est	happy	happier	happiest
少數(shù)以-er，-ow，-ble結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，末尾也加-er和-est或-r和-st	clever low able	cleverer lower abler	cleverest lowest ablest
多數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞，在前面加more和most	difficult beautiful	more difficult more beautiful	most difficult most beautiful

(1)形容詞比較級用法

I thought he was actually poorer than he really was.

It is better to be silent than to speak.

Reading is easier than speaking.

(2)形容詞最高級用法

John is the oldest (youngest，strongest，weakest，smallest，cleverest) boy in the class.

Peter is the fattest (thinnest，biggest) boy on the team.

She is the liveliest (happiest，heaviest，ugliest，friendliest，healthiest，hungriest，prettiest，sleepiest) of us all.

2.副詞的比較級和最高級

You can jump much higher on the moon than on the earth.

She writes (the) most carefully of the three.

3.形容詞和副詞比較等級的不規(guī)則變化

原級	比較級	最高級
good well	better	best
bad（ly） ill	worse[wE:s ]	worst[wE:st]
many much	more	most
little	less	least
far	farther further	farthest furthest
old	older elder	o1dest eldest

4.比較級的一些特殊的和其他的用法

原級	比較級	最高級
old	older較老，較舊（說明人的年紀(jì)大或事物的年代的久遠(yuǎn)） elder較年長（多用來區(qū)別人與人之間的長幼）	oldest最老，最舊 eldest最年長
late	later較遲，后來（指時間） latter后者（和“前者”對比，指順序）	latest最近（指時間） last最后（指順序）
far	farther較遠(yuǎn) further較遠(yuǎn)，進(jìn)一步	farthest最遠(yuǎn) furthest最遠(yuǎn)（常用于引申意義，表示“更進(jìn)一步的”，“深一層的”。）

有些形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級有兩種不同形式，它們在意義上也有所不同：

the former 前者

the latter 后者

◆ 在形容詞和副詞的比較級前，有時可以用much，a little，still，far，by far，even，no，any，a great deal等狀語詞來修飾，表示“更……”、“……得多”等程度意義。例如：

This is taking a little more time than we thought.

He's far behind me.

The Pacific is by far the largest ocean and covers almost half of the total ocean area.

◆ 表示甲與乙在某一方面程度相同時，用“as+形容詞(副詞)原級+as”的句型。

…as…as

…more…than

(1)兩個as之間要用形容詞或副詞的原形：

He is as tall as his brother.

He runs as fast as his brother.

They produce waste gases almost as harmful as the gases from factories.

(2)第二個as和其后的比較對象較遠(yuǎn)，出現(xiàn)了第二層比較級，如：

John plays football as well as, if not better than, David.

Do you enjoy listening to records? I find records are often as good as or better than an actual performance.

(3)as…as之間不止一個形容詞，如：

Whenever we need to be indoors, we want our surroundings to be as attractive and comfortable as possible.

It is possible to make metal as hard or as soft as is wished.

(4)在形容詞后出現(xiàn)附帶成分，如as…to do…as to do…:

Barnes has suggested that it is as proper to term the plant a water structure as to call a house composed mainly of brick a brick building.

(5)不同的喻體

He is as strong as a horse.

He is as mad as March hare.

He is as wet as a drowned rat.

He is as poor as church mouse.

He is as stubborn as a mule.

The twin sisters are as like as two peas.

(6)as…as用于表示倍數(shù)的句型

(1)倍數(shù)n+as…as

在as…as前加上twice, three times等可以表示倍數(shù)。

He is twice as old as she.

There are three times as many people as we expected.

This one is prettier, but it cost twice as much as the other one.

倍數(shù)n+比較級+than

比較：

This box is four times as heavy as that one.

This box is four times heavier than that one.

Smokers had death rate almost two and half times higher than the death rate among those who did not smoke.

◆ 可用“…times+形容詞(副詞)比較級形式+than…”表示“比…多(大、重、長……)……倍”。本文|由職業(yè)培訓(xùn)教育網(wǎng)獨家整理。

Give me three times more than Antonio borrowed from me.

He is twice my age.

The output of plastic for 1977 was twice over that for 1979.

The output of paper has more than doubled.

The nation's grain output in l986 was 3.4 times that of l984.

The output of cotton has increased three times as against l986.

The output of oil was more than 2.5 times greater.

◆ 可用“比較級+and+比較級”表示“越來越……”。

But she looked at me and cried harder and harder.

◆ 可用“the+比較級+the+比較級”來表示“越……就越……”。例如：

They discovered that the farther away the feeding station was，the slower the dance was.

Ⅲ.職稱英語測試點

1)This was 31 percent more than the farmer had received in 1959.

31 percent more than：多百分之三十一

2)The intensity of an earthquake is measured on the Richter Scale, which goes from 0 upward. The highest scale recorded to date is 8.9.

The highest scale：最高值/級

3)The more easily goods can be brought over the distance, the better for trade.

The more easily…the better for trade：越容易…越適合貿(mào)易

4)In the US and Canada alone, there are now more than 6000 museums, almost twice as many as there were 25 years ago.

twice as many as there were 25 years ago：是25年前的2倍

5)Every summer, more than 25 million people travel to Mediterranean resorts and beaches for their vacation.

more than 25 million：兩千五百多萬人

6)Spain’s long sandy coastline attracts more people than anywhere else.

more people than anywhere else：比其他任何地方的人多

7)Mediterranean is already one of the most polluted seas on earth.

one of the most polluted seas：污染最嚴(yán)重的海洋之一

8)Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language.

the least stable：最不穩(wěn)定

much—more—most

little—less—least

9)Black Americans are still more likely to die of cancer than whites.

more likely to die of cancer than whites：比白人更有可能死于癌癥

10)However, the risk of dying from cancer is much higher in developing countries.

much higher：高得多

11)That’s nearly 50 percent longer than any other bridge ever built.

50 percent longer than：長一半

12)Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smoking males. Female smokers are thought to be less affected.

higher death rate…than：比…死亡風(fēng)險高

less affected：受到的影響要少

13)The mistake could lead researchers to think that there are twice as many elephants as there really are in some regions

twice as many elephants as：是現(xiàn)有大象的兩倍

14)In a number of countries people pay as much for water in their homes as they do for electricity.

as much for water in their homes as they do for electricity：水費和電費是一樣的多。