2016年職稱英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法句子成分之主語(yǔ)：

(1)由名詞、代詞(人稱代詞用主格)、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞等充當(dāng),說(shuō)明動(dòng)作是“誰(shuí)”發(fā)出的。如：The painter painted a very nice picture. (畫(huà)家畫(huà)了一幅漂亮的畫(huà)。) / They fought against SARS bravely. (他們勇敢地與非典搏斗。) / To see is to believe. (耳聽(tīng)為虛眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)). / Helping animals is to help people. (幫助動(dòng)物就是幫助人類。)

(2)動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)可用it代替,而不定式或動(dòng)名詞移至表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)之后。如：It is very comfortable to have a Class A seat during the long journey. (在長(zhǎng)途旅行中能有個(gè)甲等座位簡(jiǎn)直太舒服了。) / Eating too much is bad for your health.(=It is bad for your health eating too much.) (吃得太多對(duì)你的身體不利。)

(3)口語(yǔ)中常見(jiàn)主語(yǔ)或“主--系”省略：(It is) nothing. ((那)沒(méi)有什么。)/ (It) doesn't matter. ((那)沒(méi)有關(guān)系。) / (I) thank you. ((我)謝謝你。)

(4)反意問(wèn)句的附加問(wèn)句,主語(yǔ)必須是代詞：The man looks worried,doesn't he? (這個(gè)人看上去很著急不是嗎?) / Tigers are dangerous animals, aren't they? (老虎是危險(xiǎn)的動(dòng)物不是嗎?)

(5)祈使句一般省略主語(yǔ)。加主語(yǔ)時(shí)往往用來(lái)指定某個(gè)人。Keep the keyboards clean, children. (孩子們請(qǐng)保持鍵盤(pán)的清潔。) (省略了主語(yǔ)) / You go there and fetch me a glass of water. (你去給我弄一杯水來(lái)。)

(6)主語(yǔ)一般在句首,但在問(wèn)句中會(huì)處于第二位和句尾;倒裝句及there be句型主語(yǔ)在動(dòng)詞之后。如：Computers are made in this factory. (計(jì)算機(jī)生產(chǎn)于這家工廠。) / Where are they? (他們?cè)谀膬?) / Does the boy like staying home? (這個(gè)男孩喜歡呆在家里嗎?)

(7)主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)必須保持單、復(fù)數(shù)的一致, 而謂語(yǔ)與表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)之間沒(méi)有這一要求。Neither Jim nor Rose has passed the exam. (Jim和Rose都沒(méi)有通過(guò)考試。) / The Chinese people are a hardworking and brave people. (中華民族是一個(gè)勤勞勇敢的民族。)

(8)主語(yǔ)可以由從句充當(dāng),詳見(jiàn)“主語(yǔ)從句”。