2016職稱英語衛(wèi)生備考語法之形容詞

用來說明或修飾名詞、代詞的詞稱為形容詞。

1、形容詞的句法作用：作句子中名詞的定語、句子的表語以及賓語補(bǔ)足語。

2、形容詞在句子中的位置：

⑴作定語時(shí)放在名詞的前面,且音節(jié)少的詞放在音節(jié)多的詞之前。如：a big yellow wooden wheel(一個(gè)黃色的大木輪)

⑵作表語時(shí)放在連系動(dòng)詞之后。如：The price sounds reasonable.(這個(gè)價(jià)格聽起來算是合理)

⑶作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)放在賓語之后。如：We must try our best to keep our environment clean.(我們必須盡力保持我們的環(huán)境清潔)

⑷后置的情況：

①修飾復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)放在代詞之后。如：Something serious has happened to him.(他發(fā)生了嚴(yán)重的事故)

②與表示“長、寬、高、重、老、遠(yuǎn)離”的詞連用時(shí)形容詞后置。如：He's 1.8 metres tall.(他身高1.8米。)The moon is about 380,000 kilometres away from the earth.(月球離地38萬公里)

3、有關(guān)形容詞的用法辨析：

⑴ whole與all：記住兩個(gè)詞序：① the whole + 名詞; ②all (of) the + 名詞。如：He was busy the whole morning.(整個(gè)早晨他都很忙) / He can remember all the words he learns.(他能記住學(xué)過的所有單詞)

⑵ tall與high, short與low：指人的個(gè)子時(shí)用tall與short;指其他事物時(shí)一般用high與low。如：He's very tall/short.(他個(gè)子高/矮) / Tall trees are standing on both sides of that avenue.(大道的兩側(cè)有高大的樹木) / A few people live on high mountains.(少量的人住在高山上)

⑶ real與true：real一般指東西的真假,譯為“真的”;而true則指事情或消息的可靠性,譯為“真實(shí)的”。如：This is a real diamond(鉆石) and it's very expensive.(這是貨真價(jià)實(shí)的鉆石,非常貴) / --Is that true?—Yes. I heard it with my own ears.(那真實(shí)嗎? 是的,我親耳所聽)

⑷ interested與interesting的區(qū)別：interesting指人或東西“有趣的”,作定語或表語,而interested則表示人對別的事物“感興趣的”,只能作表語。如：The man is very interesting and all the children like him. (這個(gè)人很有趣,孩子們都喜歡他)/ This book is interesting and you can really enjoy yourself.(這本書很有趣,你會真正獲得享受) / I am interested in science.(我對自然科學(xué)感興趣)

⑸ such用法： such + a(n) + 名詞(單數(shù))(+that從句)。如：I have never seen such a foolish(愚蠢的) boy.(我從來沒有見過這么蠢的男孩) / He had such a terrible accident that he could never forget it.(他遭遇了這么可怕的事故,他永遠(yuǎn)也不會忘記)

⑹ good與well：表示“好”時(shí),作定語或表語用good,作狀語用well;表示“(身體)好”時(shí)用well.如：Doing sports is good for us.(進(jìn)行運(yùn)動(dòng)對我們有益) / Study well and make progress every day.(好好學(xué)習(xí),天天向上) / --How are you?—I am very well.(你好嗎?我很好。)

⑺ nice與fine：的區(qū)別：nice表示令人愉快的,可以指東西、人物外表等;fine一般指身體或天氣好。如：Let's go and share(分享) the nice cake.(我們?nèi)シ窒砟菈K美味的蛋糕吧) / She is a nice girl.(他是個(gè)漂亮的姑娘) / What a fine day!(多好的天氣!) /He's fine recently(最近).(近來他身體不錯(cuò))

⑻ too much與much too：too much表示“太多的”,修飾事物數(shù)量;much too表示“太過,過分”,修飾形容詞或副詞。如：I am full because I have had too much rice.(我飽了,因?yàn)槲页粤颂�多的米�? / That coat is much too dear.(那件大衣太貴了)

⑼ quick、fast與soon：quick與fast基本同義,quick往往指反應(yīng)速度快,fast往往指運(yùn)動(dòng)速度快,而soon則表示時(shí)間上很快即將發(fā)生。如：After a quick breakfast, he hurried to school leaving his bag at home.(匆匆地吃過早飯,他朝學(xué)校趕去,卻把書包忘記在家) / A train is much faster than a bus.(火車比公共汽車快得多) / His father will be back to China very soon.(他父親很快就要返回中國)

⑽lonely與alone：lonely是表示心理活動(dòng)的形容詞,意思是：“孤獨(dú)的,寂寞的”,作定語或表語;alone的意思是：“獨(dú)自的,單獨(dú)的”,指無人陪伴,僅作表語,(作為副詞的alone可作狀語)。如：He lives alone but he doesn't feel lonely.(他一人獨(dú)住,但是并不感到孤獨(dú))/ He is a lonely person. You can not easily get on well with him.(他是個(gè)孤獨(dú)的人,你要和他相處好實(shí)在不易)

⑾ other與else的區(qū)別：兩個(gè)詞都可以作形容詞,但是用法不同,other放在名詞前;else修飾不定代詞、疑問詞、little、much,后置,另外,or else表示“否則”,是連詞。如：The other students are on the playground.(其他學(xué)生在操場上) / Who else can work out this maths problem?(還有誰能解出著道數(shù)學(xué)題?) / This is nobody else's money. It's mine.(這不是別的什么人的錢,是我的。) / Do you have anything else to say for yourself?(你還有什么要為自己說的嗎?

⑿ special與especial的區(qū)別：表示事件不同尋常、過分或特殊時(shí),兩個(gè)詞可互換,但special較為常用。另外,special還可以表示特別的目的。如： She pays (e)special attention to clothes.(她非常注重著裝) / These are special chairs for small children.(這些是專門給小孩子的椅子)

⒀ gone、lost、missing的區(qū)別：gone表示“丟了,沒了”,含一去不復(fù)返的意思,也可以表示“死了”,作表語或賓補(bǔ),不可以作定語;lost表示“丟失”,含難以找回的意思,可作定語、表語或賓補(bǔ);missing表示“失蹤了,不見了”,強(qiáng)調(diào)某人物不在原處,可作定語、表語或賓補(bǔ)。如：My fever(高燒) is gone, but I still have a cough.(發(fā)燒消退了,但我仍然咳嗽) / The parents found the lost child at last.(家長終于找到了迷路的孩子) / My dictionary is missing.Who's taken it away?(我的字典不見了,誰拿走了?) / For more detailed information(詳情) of the missing girls, please visit our website(網(wǎng)址).(如果想知道失蹤女孩們的詳情,請?jiān)L問我們的網(wǎng)站)

⒁ living、alive、live、lively的區(qū)別：四個(gè)詞都來源于動(dòng)詞live“生活、居住”。

living讀[‘liviN]有三個(gè)意思：①“活著的、現(xiàn)存的”,作表語或定語,②“一模一樣的、逼真的”,③相當(dāng)于lively,意思是“強(qiáng)烈的、活潑的”;

live讀[laiv],指東西“活的”,可以替換為living;

alive讀[[‘laiv]作表語,指人“活著的”,如果作定語,則放在名詞的后面;

lively讀[‘laivli]有三個(gè)意思：①有生氣的、活潑的、快活的,②(色彩)鮮艷的,③生動(dòng)的、真實(shí)的。

例如：A living language should be learned orally(口頭上).(活的語言應(yīng)該從口頭上學(xué))(被動(dòng)句) / We have a living hope that you will succeed.(我們強(qiáng)烈地希望你能成功) / Is she still alive?(她還活著嗎?) / They are the happiest children alive.(他們是活著的最開心的孩子) / This is a live fish.(這是條活魚) / A live wire(電線) is dangerous.(有電的電線是危險(xiǎn)的) / She is as lively as a kitten(小貓).(她像小貓一樣可愛) / He gave a lively description of the football match.(他生動(dòng)地描述了那場足球賽)

⒂ sick與ill區(qū)別：sick和ill都表示“生病的”,但是,sick可以做定語、表語,而ill只能做表語。如：He has been ill/sick for a long time and he is very weak now.(他病了很久,現(xiàn)在非常虛弱) / Vets help treat sick pets and most of the pets' owners like them.(獸醫(yī)幫助診治患病的寵物,很受寵物主人們的喜愛)

⒃ the poor(窮人們) / the rich(富人們)等用法：“the+形容詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)可以表示一類人物,復(fù)數(shù)含義。如：We must try our best to help the poor.(我們應(yīng)該盡力幫助窮人們) / The rich never know how the poor are living.(有錢人哪知窮人怎么過日子)