2015年衛(wèi)生類職稱英語語法之主謂一致原則：

主謂一致是指句中的主語和謂語的一致。我們一般遵從三個(gè)原則：

1、語法一致的原則：

語法一致的原則是指主語為單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞要與其相呼應(yīng)。但我們要注意一些特殊情況；

1）以along with，together with，as well as，accompanied by，rather than，but，except連接的兩個(gè)主語，其謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)以第一個(gè)主語為主。

e.g. Several passengers,together with the driver,were hurt.

e.g. All students but/except Tom are going to see the film.

e.g. It is Mary rather than her students who is leaving for Beijing.

2）表示時(shí)間，重量，長度，價(jià)格等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，作主語從整體來看時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

e.g. Fifty years is not a long time.

3）非謂語動(dòng)詞，從句或其他短語作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

e.g. To eat an apple every day is healthful.

e.g. What I want to know is when I could go home.

4）如果主語是由and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞，但前面有each，every，no等詞修飾時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)

e.g. Every boy and girl in this region is taught to read and write.

2、意義一致的原則：

意義一致的原則指謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語所表達(dá)的概念，而不取決于表面的語法標(biāo)志，主要表現(xiàn)為某些集體名詞后可跟動(dòng)詞單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)。如果這些集體名詞指整體概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；指具體成員時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)。類似這樣的集體名詞有：family，class，audience，committee，crowd，crew，group，population，team，public，council，village等。

e.g. His family has lived there for more than twenty years.。

e.g. My family are all well.

e.g. The public/ the crowd is the best judge.

3、就近原則：

所謂就近原則是指謂語動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于離它最近的詞語，而無須考慮其他的詞。

1）以either…or，or，neither…nor和not only…but also連接的兩個(gè)主語，其謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式應(yīng)與離謂語最近的主語保持一致。

e.g. Either you or he has to go there with me.

2）由there或here引起的主語，而又不止是一個(gè)時(shí)，采取就近原則。

e.g. Here is a pen,a few envelopes and some paper for you.

對(duì)于“主謂語一致”原則的直接考察一般是出自于完型填空題中，但現(xiàn)在職稱英語出題的趨勢(shì)是對(duì)這種語法點(diǎn)的直接考察題越來越少了，但這種原則的理解卻能幫助我們解答一些文章閱讀方面的問題。