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Some sleep drugs do more than make you sleep

The United States Food and Drug Administration1 has ordered companies to place strong new warnings on thirteen drugs that treat sleep disorders. It also ordered the makers of the sleeping pills to provide information for patients explaining how to safely use the drugs.

Last Wednesday, the FDA announced that some of these drugs can have unexpected and dangerous effects. These include the risk of life-threatening allergic reactions. They also include rare incidents of strange behavior. These include people cooking food, eating and even driving while asleep. The patients later had no memory of doing these activities while asleep.

Last year, a member of the United States Congress2 said he had a sleep-driving incident. Patrick Kennedy, a representative from Rhode Island,3 crashed his car into a security barrier near the building where lawmakers meet. The accident happened in the middle of the night and no one was hurt. Mr. Kennedy said he had earlier taken a sleep medicine. He said he was also being treated with a stomach sickness drug that can cause sleepiness.

The Food and Drug Administration did not say in its announcement how many cases of sleep-driving it has documented. However, the New York Times4 reported last year about people who said they had strange sleep events after taking the drug Ambien. Some reported sleep-driving and sleep-walking. Others said they found evidence after waking in the morning that they had cooked food or eaten in their sleep. But they had no memory of carrying out the activities.

A Food and Drug Administration official says that these serious side effects of sleep disorder drugs appear to be rare. But, he also said there are probably more cases than are reported.5 He said the agency believes the risk of such behaviors could be reduced if people take the drugs as directed and do not drink alcohol while taking the drugs. The Food and Drug Administration has advised drug companies to carry out studies to investigate the problem.

詞匯：

disorder n. 障礙;紊亂;疾病

allergic adj. 變應(yīng)性的，過敏性的

incident n. 偶發(fā)事件，小事件

representative n. 代表

crash v. (使)碰撞

lawmaker n. 立法者，制定法律者(尤指立法委員或議員)

sickness n. 疾病;惡心，嘔吐

stomach n. 胃

sleepiness n. 昏昏欲睡

document vt. 根據(jù)…事實(shí)材料制作

注釋：

1.United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)：美國食品及藥品管理局

2.United States Congress：美國國會

3.Rhode Island：羅得島(美國州名)

4.New York Times：紐約時報(bào)

5.But, he also said there are probably more cases than are reported. 不過，他也說道，可能實(shí)際病例要比報(bào)導(dǎo)的多。 請注意本句中than的用法。than后面連接了一個句子，可是卻沒有主語，學(xué)術(shù)界對此有兩種說法：一種認(rèn)為than是關(guān)系代詞，它本身在從句中作一個句子成分;另一種則認(rèn)為than仍為連接詞，后面省略了句子的適當(dāng)成分。請看類似的句子：

You spent more money than was intended to be spent. 你花去的錢比預(yù)計(jì)的多。

(請比較：You spent the money that was intended.)

練習(xí)

1.There are altogether 13 drugs treating sleep disorders in the United States.

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

2. FDA considers it the producers’ duty to warn the users of sleeping pills about the serious side effects and to tell them how to use safely.

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

3. An allergic reaction to sleeping pills may sometimes cause a user to die.

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

4. A stomach sickness drug alone caused Patrick Kennedy to crash his car into a security barrier.

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

5. FDA based its order upon a wide investigation of sleep-driving.

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

6. Sleep-walking is also one of the serious side effects induced by taking sleeping pills.

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

7. The appearance of one or another side effect after taking some sleeping pill is unavoidable.

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

答案與解析：

1. 分析文章標(biāo)題：Some sleep drugs(安眠藥) do more than(比...多) make(使) you sleep(入睡)

文章主題涉及對安眠藥作用的討論

2.直接解題：

1.There are (有)altogether(總共) 13 drugs treating(治療) sleep disorders(紊亂， 混亂) in the United States(在美國).

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

1.C. 細(xì)節(jié)題。利用特征結(jié)構(gòu)the United States/美國和13 drugs(13種藥)作為答案線索，在文章中查找答案相關(guān)句：

The United States Food(食品) and Drug(藥品) Administration(美國食品及藥品管理局)has ordered(命令) companies(公司) to place(放置)strong (強(qiáng)烈的/強(qiáng)大的)new warnings(警告) on thirteen drugs that treat(治療) sleep disorder(紊亂， 混亂). It also ordered(命令) the makers (制造商)of the sleeping pills(安眠藥)to provide information for patients explaining how to safely use the drugs.

Last(最近的， 最后的) Wednesday(星期三), the FDA(美國食品及藥品管理局)announced (宣布)that some of(一些) these drugs can have unexpected(意想不到的) and dangerous (危險(xiǎn)的)effects(影響). These include (包括)the risk of life-threatening allergic reactions. They also include (他們也包括)rare incidents of strange behavior. These include (這些包括)people cooking food, eating and even driving while asleep. The patients later had no memory of doing these activities while asleep.

通過以上分析可以看出文章中只提到FDA命令制藥公司在13種安眠藥上貼上語氣堅(jiān)定的新警告語，但是沒有提到這13種是不是包括了美國的所有的安眠藥。

2. FDA considers (認(rèn)為， 考慮)it the producers’(生產(chǎn)廠家的) duty(責(zé)任) to warn(警告某人...) the users(使用者) of sleeping pills about the serious(嚴(yán)重的， 嚴(yán)肅的) side effects(副作用)and to tell(告訴) them how to use safely(安全地).

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

2.A細(xì)節(jié)題。利用問題句中的特征詞FDA 和細(xì)節(jié)信息詞producers, side effects共同作為答案線索， 在文章中查找答案相關(guān)句：

The United States Food and Drug Administration1 has ordered companies to place strong new warnings(warn的家族詞匯) on thirteen drugs that treat sleep disorders. It also ordered the makers (producer的近義詞)of the sleeping pills(安眠藥) to provide (提供)information(信息) for patients (病人)explaining(解釋) how to safely(安全地) use the drugs(藥品).

FDA命令制藥商貼新警告語并指導(dǎo)病人如何安全用藥，自然就認(rèn)為這是制藥商不可推卸的責(zé)任。

3. An allergic (過敏的)reaction to (對...的反應(yīng))sleeping pills(安眠藥丸) may sometimes(有時) cause(造成) a user to die(死去).

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

3.A. 細(xì)節(jié)題。 利用問題句中的細(xì)節(jié)信息詞allergic reaction 作為答案線索， 在文章中查找答案相關(guān)句：

The United States Food and Drug Administration1 has ordered companies to place strong new warnings on thirteen drugs that treat sleep disorders. It also ordered the makers of the sleeping pills to provide information for patients explaining how to safely use the drugs.

(第2段) Last Wednesday, the FDA announced(宣布) that some of these drugs can have unexpected(意想之外的) and dangerous(危險(xiǎn)的) effects. These include the risk of life-threatening(威協(xié)生命的) allergic reactions. They also include rare incidents of strange behavior. These include people cooking food, eating and even driving while asleep. The patients later had no memory of doing these activities while asleep.

第二段第一、二句說到，其中有些藥物具有意外的危險(xiǎn)作用，包括威脅生命的過敏反應(yīng)。既然威脅到生命，那有時就可能引起死亡。

4. A stomach(胃) sickness(疾病) drug(藥) alone(僅僅， 獨(dú)自地) caused(造成) Patrick Kennedy to crash(使碰撞) his car into a security(安全) barrier(柵欄).

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

4.B. 細(xì)節(jié)題。 利用問題句中的特征詞(Patrick Kennedy)， 和細(xì)節(jié)信息詞(stomach sickness drug，security barrier )共同作為答案線索， 在文章中查找答案相關(guān)句：

The United States Food and Drug Administration1 has ordered companies to place strong new warnings on thirteen drugs that treat sleep disorders. It also ordered the makers of the sleeping pills to provide information for patients explaining how to safely use the drugs.

Last Wednesday, the FDA announced that some of these drugs can have unexpected and dangerous effects. These include the risk of life-threatening allergic reactions. They also include rare incidents of strange behavior. These include people cooking food, eating and even driving while asleep. The patients later had no memory of doing these activities while asleep.

Last year, a member of the United States Congress2 said he had a sleep-driving incident. Patrick Kennedy, a representative from Rhode Island,3 crashed his car into a security barrier near(在...附近) the building where lawmakers(立法人員) meet(見面). The accident happened in the middle of the night and no one was hurt. Mr. Kennedy said he had earlier (更早的時候)taken (曾經(jīng))a sleep medicine. He said he was also being treated with (被用...進(jìn)行治療)a stomach sickness drug that can cause(造成) sleepiness(想睡).

第三段最后一句說明他服用安眠藥的同時也服用治嘔吐的藥，故不是單純后一種藥引起他的車禍。

5. FDA based(把...建立在...的基礎(chǔ)之上)its order(命令) upon/on a wide(廣泛的) investigation(調(diào)查) of sleep-driving(迷迷糊糊的開車).

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

5.C. 細(xì)節(jié)題。 利用問題句中的特征詞(FDA)， 和細(xì)節(jié)信息詞(sleep-driving)共同作為答案線索， 在文章中查找答案相關(guān)句：

The United States Food and Drug Administration1 has ordered companies to place strong new warnings on thirteen drugs that treat sleep disorders. It also ordered the makers of the sleeping pills to provide information for patients explaining how to safely use the drugs.

Last Wednesday, the FDA announced that some of these drugs can have unexpected and dangerous effects. These include the risk of life-threatening allergic reactions. They also include rare incidents of strange behavior. These include people cooking food, eating and even driving while asleep. The patients later had no memory of doing these activities while asleep.

Last year, a member of the United States Congress2 said he had a sleep-driving incident. Patrick Kennedy, a representative from Rhode Island,3 crashed his car into a security barrier near the building where lawmakers meet. The accident happened in the middle of the night and no one was hurt. Mr. Kennedy said he had earlier taken a sleep medicine. He said he was also being treated with a stomach sickness drug that can cause sleepiness.

The Food and Drug Administration did not say (說)in its announcement(公告， 宣布) how many (多少)cases(例子) of sleep-driving it has documented(用文件證據(jù)證明). However, the New York Times4 reported last year about people who said they had strange sleep events after taking the drug Ambien. Some reported sleep-driving and sleep-walking. Others said they found evidence after waking in the morning that they had cooked food or eaten in their sleep. But they had no memory of carrying out the activities.

第四段第一句說，F(xiàn)DA沒有說它調(diào)查了多少迷迷糊糊開車的事例，因此它是否作過大量調(diào)查我們并不知道。

6. Sleep-walking(夢游病) is also one of the serious(嚴(yán)重的) side effects (副作用)induced by (由...引起的)taking sleeping pills.

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

6.A細(xì)節(jié)題。 利用問題句中的細(xì)節(jié)信息詞(Sleep-walking)作為答案線索， 在文章中查找答案相關(guān)句：

The United States Food and Drug Administration1 has ordered companies to place strong new warnings on thirteen drugs that treat sleep disorders. It also ordered the makers of the sleeping pills to provide information for patients explaining how to safely use the drugs.

Last Wednesday, the FDA announced that some of these drugs can have unexpected and dangerous effects. These include the risk of life-threatening allergic reactions. They also include rare incidents of strange behavior. These include people cooking food, eating and even driving while asleep. The patients later had no memory of doing these activities while asleep.

Last year, a member of the United States Congress2 said he had a sleep-driving incident. Patrick Kennedy, a representative from Rhode Island,3 crashed his car into a security barrier near the building where lawmakers meet. The accident happened in the middle of the night and no one was hurt. Mr. Kennedy said he had earlier taken a sleep medicine. He said he was also being treated with a stomach sickness drug that can cause sleepiness.

The Food and Drug Administration did not say in its announcement how many cases of sleep-driving it has documented. However, the New York Times4 (紐約時報(bào))reported (報(bào)告)last year (去年)about people who said they had strange(奇怪的) sleep events(事件)/ after(在...之后) taking(服用) the drug Ambien. Some reported sleep-driving迷迷糊糊的開車的 and sleep-walking. Others said they found evidence after waking in the morning that they had cooked food or eaten in their sleep. But they had no memory of carrying out the activities.

第四段尤其是其中的第三句說到，服用安眠藥以后有人昏昏迷迷開車，有人夢游，因此夢游屬于的副作用之一。，

7. The appearance(出現(xiàn)， 外貌) of one or another (一個或另一個)side effect(副作用) after(在...之后) taking(服用) some sleeping pill(安眠藥) is unavoidable(不可避免的).

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

7.B細(xì)節(jié)題。 利用問題句中的細(xì)節(jié)信息詞(side effect)和修飾詞unavoidable作為答案線索， 在文章中查找答案相關(guān)句：

The United States Food and Drug Administration1 has ordered companies to place strong new warnings on thirteen drugs that treat sleep disorders. It also ordered the makers of the sleeping pills to provide information for patients explaining how to safely use the drugs.

Last Wednesday, the FDA announced that some of these drugs can have unexpected and dangerous effects. These include the risk of life-threatening allergic reactions. They also include rare incidents of strange behavior. These include people cooking food, eating and even driving while asleep. The patients later had no memory of doing these activities while asleep.

Last year, a member of the United States Congress2 said he had a sleep-driving incident. Patrick Kennedy, a representative from Rhode Island,3 crashed his car into a security barrier near the building where lawmakers meet. The accident happened in the middle of the night and no one was hurt. Mr. Kennedy said he had earlier taken a sleep medicine. He said he was also being treated with a stomach sickness drug that can cause sleepiness.

The Food and Drug Administration did not say in its announcement how many cases of sleep-driving it has documented. However, the New York Times4 reported last year about people who said they had strange sleep events after taking the drug Ambien. Some reported sleep-driving and sleep-walking. Others said they found evidence after waking in the morning that they had cooked food or eaten in their sleep. But they had no memory of carrying out the activities.

A Food and Drug Administration official (官員)says(說) that these serious side effects of sleep disorder drugs appear to(看起來) be rare(是unavoidable 的反義詞). But, he also said there are probably more cases than are reported.5 He said the agency(機(jī)構(gòu) believes(相信， 認(rèn)為) the risk(風(fēng)險(xiǎn)) of such behaviors (行為)could be reduced (能夠被減少)if people take the drugs as directed(按照被指示的) and do not drink(飲) alcohol(酒) while(在...的期間) taking the drugs. The Food and Drug Administration has advised drug companies to carry out studies to investigate the problem.

最后一段說到，只要服安眠藥時按說明書服用而且不喝酒，危險(xiǎn)行為就會減少，因此副作用并不是不可避免。