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A Sunshade for the Planet

Even with the best will1 in the world，reducing our carbon emissions is not going to prevent global warming．It has become clear that even if we take the most strong measures to control emissions，the uncertainties in our climate models still lea'ye open the possibility of extreme warming and rises in sea level．At the same time，resistance by governments and special interest groups makes it quite possible that the actions suggested by climate scientists might not be implemented soon enough．

Fortunately，if the worst comes to the worst2，scientists still have a few tricks up their sleeves3．For the most part they have strongly resisted discussing these options for fear of inviting a sense of complacency that might thwart efforts to tackle the root of the problem．Until now，that is．A growing number of researchers are taking a fresh look at large-scale “geoengineering” projects that might be used to counteract global warming．“I use the analogy of methadone4,” says Stephen Schneider，a climate researcher at Stanford University in California who was among the first to draw attention to global warming．“If you have a heroin addict，the correct treatment is hospitalization，and a long rehab． But if they absolutely refuse，methadone is better than heroin．”

Basically the idea is to apply “sunscreen” to the whole planet．One astronomer has come up with a radical plan to cool Earth；launch trillions of feather-light discs into space，where they would form a vast cloud that would block the sun’s rays．It’s controversial，but recent studies suggest there are ways to deflect just enough of the sunlight reaching the Earth’s surface to counteract the warming produced by the greenhouse effect．Global climate models show that blocking just 1．8 per cent of the incident energy in the sun’s rays would cancel out the warming effects produced by a doubling of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere． That could be crucial，because even the most severe emissions-control measures being proposed would leave us with a doubling of carbon dioxide by the end of this century，and that would last for at least a century more．

詞匯：

emission/i5miFEn/n．發(fā)射，發(fā)射物 heroin/5herEuin/n．海洛因

complacency/kEm5pleIsEnsI/n．滿(mǎn)足 hospitalization/7hCspitElai5zeiFEn /

n．住院治療

thwart/WwC:t/v．反對(duì)，阻繞 rehab/ri:hAb/n．接受康復(fù)治療

geoengineering n．地質(zhì)工程 astronomer/ E5strRnEmE(r)/n．天文學(xué)家

trillion/ 5triljEn/n．(英、德) counteract/7kauntE5rAkt/v．抵消；抵制

百萬(wàn)兆(1018)；(美、法) 萬(wàn)億，兆 (1012)

controversial/7kCntrE5vE:FEl /analogy/E5nAlEdVi/n．類(lèi)似；模擬

adj．有爭(zhēng)議的

deflect/di5flekt/v．(使)偏轉(zhuǎn) methadone/ 5meWEdEun/n．美沙酮，美散痛

注釋?zhuān)?/p>

1． the best will：最好的愿望

2． if the worst comes to theworst：如果最最糟糕的事情發(fā)生了。這是英式英語(yǔ)的用法，在美式英語(yǔ)中它說(shuō)成if worst comes to worst。在不同的語(yǔ)境中，有不同的澤法，如：“If the worst comes to the worst，”Becky thought，“my retreat“secure；and l have the right- hand seat inthe barouche．”蓓墓想道：“逼到最后一條路，逃難是不怕的了，在他的大馬車(chē)?yán)铮�我穩(wěn)穩(wěn)地有一個(gè)位子了。”又如：Ifthe worst comes to the worst，we’ll sell the car．大不了我們把車(chē)賣(mài)了。

3． scientists still have a few tricks叩their sleeves：科學(xué)家們?nèi)匀挥行┎粸槿怂�知的招�?shù)。 have something up one’s sleeve是英語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)，意思是：to have a secret idea or plan，有錦囊妙計(jì)，有所保留的，秘而不宣的謀略或計(jì)劃，例如：If this trip doesn’t work out I’ve still got a few ideas up my sleeve．

4． methadone：美沙酮，一種有效的合成麻醉藥，它不像口馬啡或海洛因那樣容易汁人上癮，在戒毒治療中被用作這些毒品的替代品。

練習(xí):

1． According to the first two paragraphs，the author thinks that

A strong measures have been taken by the government to prevent global warming．

B to reduce carbon emissions is all impossible mission．

C despite the difficulty，scientists have some options to prevent global warming．

D actions suggested by scientists will never be realized．

2． Scientists resist talking about their options because they don't want people to

A know what they are doing．

B feel their efforts are useless．

C think the problem has been solved．

D see the real problem．

3． What does Stephen Schneider say about a heroin addict and methadone?

A Methadone is an effective way to treat a hard heroin addict．

B Methadone is not a correct way to treat a heroin addict．

C Hospitalization together with methadone can work effectively with a heroin addict．

D Methadone and heroin are equally effective in treating a heroin addict．

4． What is Stephen Schneider’s idea of preventing global warming?

A To ask governments to take stronger measures;

B To increase the sunlight reaching the Earth．

C To apply sunscreen to the Earth．

D To decrease greenhouse gases．

5． What is NOT true of the effectiveness of “sunscreen”，according to the last paragraph?

A It deflects sunlight reaching the Earth to counteract the warming．

B It blocks the incident energy in the sun’s rays．

C It is a controversial method．

D It decreases greenhouse gases in the atmosphere．

答案與題解：

1． C 短文第一段講了防止地球變暖是一項(xiàng)艱巨的任務(wù)，第二段說(shuō)，盡管如此，科學(xué)家還是有一些辦法，所以C是正確選擇。A是錯(cuò)誤選擇，因?yàn)樽髡哒J(rèn)為政府和一些利益集團(tuán)阻礙了科學(xué)家所倡導(dǎo)的行動(dòng)的實(shí)施；B不是作者的觀點(diǎn)；D也不是正確選擇，因?yàn)榈谝欢蔚淖詈笠痪?ldquo;might not be implemented soon enough”并不表明永遠(yuǎn)不能實(shí)現(xiàn)。

2． C 文章的第二段說(shuō)，即使最糟糕的情況發(fā)生，科學(xué)家還是有幾招的。但他們不希望討論他們的招數(shù)，因?yàn)榭峙氯藗儾辉儆形�機(jī)感而削弱徹底解決問(wèn)題的努力。所以C是正確選擇。

3． A 文章的第二段中，Stephen Schneider教授將自己解決地球變暖問(wèn)題的辦法比作美沙酮，因?yàn)樵诎a君子拒絕正常住院治療時(shí)，服用美沙酮是一種緩解海洛因毒癮的有效方法。所以，A是正確的選擇。

4． C 文章最后一段的第一個(gè)句子提供的答案。

5． D 短文最后一段描述了“sunscreen”如何解決地球變暖問(wèn)題。盡管有爭(zhēng)議，但是研究證明，“太陽(yáng)屏”能反射和阻礙陽(yáng)光，起到抵消由溫室效應(yīng)引起的地球升溫。最后一段的第三和第四句是理解這個(gè)問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵。D不是文章所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容，所以是正確答案。