藥學(xué)英語unit3課后翻譯：

藥學(xué)英語課后翻譯

Organic Chemistry Translation

1.沒有化學(xué)的幫助，現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)所取得的令人矚目的進(jìn)展是不可能的。

The remarkable advances made in modern medicine would not have been possible without the aid of chemistry.

2.既然人體從本質(zhì)上講是一臺(tái)化學(xué)機(jī)器，那么，有人體功能的化學(xué)知識(shí)對(duì)醫(yī)生來說就顯得至關(guān)重要了。

Since the body is essentially a chemical machine， a knowledge of the chemistry of bodily functions seems essential to the physician.

3.通過植物和動(dòng)物生產(chǎn)食品涉及到分子中原子的重新排列問題。

The production of food by plants and animals involves the rearrangement of atoms in molecules.

4.幸運(yùn)的是，很少有其他工作能像研究化學(xué)那樣更能激勵(lì)人們?nèi)ト〉贸晒Α?

Fortunately， few kinds of work seem to urge people on to success more effectively than does the pursuit of chemistry.

5.迄今為止，尋求合成制品背后的動(dòng)機(jī)便是祈盼以更少的錢為更多的人生產(chǎn)更好的東西。

So far the motive behind the search for synthetics has been a wish to produce better things for less money， and for more people.

6.人們從活體分離出越來越多的純凈物質(zhì)，并認(rèn)識(shí)到它們都含有碳元素，這樣便誕生了有機(jī)化學(xué)

Isolation of increasing numbers of purified materials from living forms and recognition of the fact that all contained carbon gave birth to organic chemistry.

7.煤與氧結(jié)合在爐中燃燒，生成二氧化碳——一種在成分和化學(xué)性質(zhì)上都不同于煤和氧的全新物質(zhì)。

When coal is burned in a furnace it combines with oxygen to give carbon dioxide， a new substance with different composition and properties from coal and oxygen.

8.許多特定的化學(xué)反應(yīng)之所以重要，是由于它們耗用或提供能量。

Many specific chemical reactions are important because of the energy which they use or supply.

9.在有機(jī)化學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)中，學(xué)生希望用他們熟悉的符號(hào)構(gòu)成二維或三維空間的分子結(jié)構(gòu)式。

In the study of organic chemistry， students are expected to use familiar symbols which are constructed into two- or three-dimensional molecular formulas.

10.從我們吃的食品、穿的衣服，到住的樓房，所有這些都在很大程度上被有機(jī)化學(xué)更新了。

From the food we eat， the clothes we wear to the buildings we live in， all have been fashioned to a considerable extent by organic chemistry.

Herbal medicine Translation

1.植物王國曾是人類唯一的藥房，但你今天走進(jìn)現(xiàn)代藥店，植物用藥已是蹤影難尋。

The plant kingdom was once man's only pharmacy. Yet when you enter a modern chemist's shop today， you can hardly find a sign of the use of plants in medicine.

2.今天，植物用作藥品的數(shù)量雖然減少了，但許多片劑、膠囊、瓶裝要藥之中的有效化學(xué)物質(zhì)卻是源于植物王國

Today the number of plants used in medicine has decreased， but hidden away in many pills， capsules， and medicine bottles are the active chemicals originally found in the plant kingdom.

3.植物所含有的化學(xué)物質(zhì)有些可能有毒，有些可能是對(duì)我們極其有用的藥物。

Some chemicals which plants make may be poisonous， others may be chemicals that are extremely valuable to us as medicines.

4.自從人類來到地球的幾百萬年中，便一直在試驗(yàn)著生長在其周圍的各種植物。

During the many thousands of years that man has been on the earth， he has been trying out various plants that grew around him.

5.正統(tǒng)醫(yī)學(xué)與草藥施用著之間多年來存在著不信任、猜疑或敵意，這些正威脅著相互間建立良好工作關(guān)系的可能性。

There has existed for many years mistrust， suspicion or hostility between the orthodox and the herbal practitioner which threatens the possibility of a good working relationship.

6.一想到奎寧的療效，植物藥對(duì)醫(yī)學(xué)所作出的巨大貢獻(xiàn)便是再清楚不過了。

When one considers the therapeutic impact of quinine， it is evident how great is the debt of medicine to plant-derived drugs.

7.然而在過去幾十年中，引入新的植物藥的數(shù)量卻明顯地減少了。

However， the past few decades have witnessed an obvious diminution in the number of plant-derived drugs introduced into medicine.

8.祖國醫(yī)藥學(xué)遺產(chǎn)是一個(gè)取之不竭的新藥寶庫，它有待于我們用新的方法加以發(fā)掘醫(yī)學(xué)|教育網(wǎng)整理。

The legacy of traditional Chinese medicine is a treasure house with an inexhaustible supply of new potential drugs which is to be explored with an introduction of new approaches.

9.如果對(duì)長春花的研究不是引進(jìn)藥理學(xué)方法的話，長春新堿的發(fā)現(xiàn)恐怕要推遲好多年。

Had pharmacological approaches not been introduced into the investigation of Vinca rosea， the discovery of vincalcukoblastine would have been postponed by many years.

10.西醫(yī)很難相信一個(gè)對(duì)疾病機(jī)理一無所知的人卻能治愈疾病

Western practitioners find it difficult to believe that someone who knows nothing of a disease mechanism could still be capable of curing it.

New Drugs 1 Translation

1.以前，藥物都是從天然植物和動(dòng)物那兒提取的，治療方法也是以傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)為基礎(chǔ)的。

Formerly， drugs were extracted from natural plants and animal sources， and therapeutic use was based on traditional experience.

2.藥物研制策略包括偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)、分子隨機(jī)組合、有計(jì)劃地研究某一特定化學(xué)成分的合成等方法。

Drug development strategies involve serendipity， molecular roulette， programmed basic research with synthesis of specific chemical， etc.

3. Though it's the most satisfying in the development of new drugs， the approach is expensive and there is no guarantee of success.

4.當(dāng)某種藥物被數(shù)百萬人使用時(shí)，肯定會(huì)有不良反應(yīng)出現(xiàn)，盡管具體到個(gè)人這種危險(xiǎn)性并不大。

When a drug is used by millions， there are certain to be adverse reactions even though the risk to any individual is small.

5. Most drugs have a safe upper limit of dosage； beyond this toxic effects may be expected to occur.

6. Penicillin， one of the most powerful killers of bacteria was discovered quite by accident by Alexander Fleming.

7.新藥的藥理學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)將確定該藥在模型系統(tǒng)中是否具備人們期待的藥理功能。

Pharmacological experiment on a new drug determines whether the drug has the desired profile of action in model system.

8. The increase in knowledge of biochemical mechanisms results in a more rational approach to the development of new drugs.

9. Extensive formal toxicological tests are required before a new drug can be used on patients.

10.現(xiàn)在，化學(xué)家和生物學(xué)家非常重視分子生物學(xué)和生化藥理學(xué)等研究領(lǐng)域。

Chemists and biologists have now attached great importance to such field of research as molecular biology and biochemical pharmacology.

New Drugs 2 Translation

1. The rationale for the development of new drugs should be provide better drugs； better in the sense of being either more effective， safer or cheaper.

2. The representative of the pharmaceutical manufacturer has been specially trained to promote his particular new product.

3.新藥的臨床評(píng)價(jià)必須在動(dòng)物研究證明有效之后方可進(jìn)行。

Only after animal studies have proved efficacy can clinical evaluation of new drugs be undertaken.

4.新藥的人體評(píng)價(jià)可分為四個(gè)階段，每個(gè)階段都應(yīng)在嚴(yán)格的監(jiān)管下進(jìn)行。

New drug evaluation in man can be divided into four phases each of which should be conducted under strict supervision.

5.劑量范圍的研究只能在志愿者身上進(jìn)行，他們應(yīng)了解試驗(yàn)的含義，并自愿接受試驗(yàn)。

A dose-ranging study should only be performed on volunteers who are informed about the implications of the tests， and who give their consent freely.

6. Dose-ranging studies should only be performed under medical supervision， as there exist some possible risks during the test.

7.第三階段的大規(guī)模臨床試驗(yàn)將確立新藥的功用以及毒副作用的頻率。

Large scale clinical trials in Phase 3 are to establish new drug's profile of action and frequency of adverse effects.

8.藥品研發(fā)的可觀費(fèi)用是由制藥商承擔(dān)的，他當(dāng)然希望在產(chǎn)品最終投放市場時(shí)得到補(bǔ)償。

The expensive cost in drug development is borne by the pharmaceutical manufacturer， which justifiably expects to recoup it when the product is finally marketed.

9.發(fā)表于著名期刊的有關(guān)新藥的信息比以促銷為生的醫(yī)藥代表的介紹更為可信。

Information about the new drug published in well-established journals is more reliable than that offered by the medical representative whose livelihood depends on the ability to promote the product.

10.用于新藥促銷方面的巨額投資不僅導(dǎo)致了不加區(qū)別地使用新藥，同時(shí)也提高了藥品的成本。

Heavy investment in promotion has not simply led to the use of undistinguished new drugs， but to a higher cost of the drugs as well.

Pharmacology Translation

1.藥物作用于人體的科學(xué)叫藥理學(xué)，研究這門學(xué)問的科學(xué)家便是藥理學(xué)家。

The science of the effects of drugs on the body is called pharmacology， and the scientists who study it are pharmacologists.

2.藥理學(xué)不是一門能夠獨(dú)立研究的科學(xué)，而是與其他學(xué)科緊密相關(guān)的。

Pharmacology is not a science that can be studied on its own， but that closely related to other branches of science.

3.藥理學(xué)家不僅要了解人體內(nèi)進(jìn)行的正常反應(yīng)過程，還應(yīng)懂得機(jī)體功能是怎樣受疾病影響的。

Pharmacologists should not only understand the normal processes that take place in the body， but know how the functions of the body are affected by disease.

4.藥物用得恰當(dāng)，將是人類的一大福音，用得不當(dāng)，則可能毀了人類。

Properly used， drugs are great blessing to mankind； improperly used， they could destroy the race.

5.二十世紀(jì)上半葉，在藥理學(xué)領(lǐng)域取得了突飛猛進(jìn)的發(fā)展。

During the first part of the twentieth century there have been enormous strides in the field of pharmacology.

6.人類不斷努力，不僅為了增壽，而且為了生活得更健康。

Man continues to strive， not only for a longer life span， but for a healthier one as well.

7.病人（特別是老年病人）經(jīng)常性使用一種以上治療藥物的話，往往會(huì)發(fā)生產(chǎn)生毒性藥物的相互作用。

With the frequent use of more than one therapeutic agent by a patient， particularly the elderly， drug interactions that result in toxicity are likely events.

8.臨床醫(yī)生感興趣的主要是那些對(duì)預(yù)防、診斷和治療人類疾病有效的藥物。

The clinician is interested primarily in drugs that are useful in the prevention， diagnosis， and treatment of human diseases.

9.現(xiàn)在，由于大多數(shù)天然藥物被高度提純，且與合成的化合物無甚區(qū)別，所以臨床醫(yī)生對(duì)生藥學(xué)的興趣也響應(yīng)減弱。

Most of the natural drugs are now highly purified and differ little from synthetic chemicals， the interests of the clinician in pharmacognosy are correspondingly decreased.

10.藥效學(xué)作為一門邊緣學(xué)科，大量借鑒了生理學(xué)、生物化學(xué)、免疫學(xué)、病理學(xué)等學(xué)科的理論和實(shí)驗(yàn)技術(shù)。

As a border science， pharmacodynamics borrows freely from both the theories and experimental techniques of physiology， biochemistry， immunology， pathology， etc……

Natural Products Translation

1.人類最古老的活動(dòng)之一是對(duì)植物和動(dòng)物的研究，特別是對(duì)作為食物的來源加以研究。

One of the oldest of human activities is the study of plants and animals， particularly as sources of food.

2.從遠(yuǎn)古時(shí)代起，人類不得不在一些有毒植物和無毒植物之間加以辨別，于是有關(guān)天然藥物的知識(shí)逐漸形成。

From the earliest times man had to distinguish between those plants which were poisonous and those which were not and there gradually developed a knowledge of natural drugs.

3.直到本世紀(jì)初，生藥學(xué)的發(fā)展主要還是在植物學(xué)方面，特別是涉及藥物的性狀描述和鑒定。

As late as the beginning of the present century pharmacognosy had developed mainly on the botanical side， being particularly concerned with the description and identification of drugs.

4.毫無疑問，植物王國依然擁有許多種具有醫(yī)藥價(jià)值的植物，這仍有待于人們的發(fā)現(xiàn)。

Undoubtedly the plant kingdom still holds many species of plants containing substances of medical value which have yet to be discovered.

5.由于采用了現(xiàn)代分離和藥理試驗(yàn)方法，新的植物藥通常是設(shè)法制成提純物后應(yīng)用于醫(yī)療的。

As a result of modern isolation and pharmacological testing procedures， new plant drugs usually find their way into medicine as purified substances.

6.生藥學(xué)所采用的有關(guān)植物學(xué)、化學(xué)和物理學(xué)方面的許多技術(shù)，也可用于對(duì)食品、調(diào)味品及化妝品等其他商品的分析。

Many of the botanical， chemical and physical techniques employed in pharmacognosy are also applicable to the analysis of other commodities， such as foods， spices and cosmetics.

7.雖然生藥學(xué)的研究一般是出于實(shí)用的目的，因而可稱為應(yīng)用科學(xué)，但它在理論科學(xué)的發(fā)展中也起了重要作用。

While pharmacognosy has been generally studied for practical purposes and may thus be called an applied science it has played an important role in the development of the pure sciences.

8.有些在民間傳統(tǒng)中用于治療癌癥已有相當(dāng)歷史的植物，經(jīng)過近年的植物化學(xué)檢驗(yàn)，結(jié)果確實(shí)常分離出具有抗腫瘤活性的成分。

Recent phytochemical examination of plants which have a suitable history of use in folklore for the treatment of cancer has， indeed， often resulted in the isolation of principles with antitumour activity.

9.生物化學(xué)和生理學(xué)知識(shí)的增加，對(duì)于藥理學(xué)已具有特別重要的意義，因?yàn)樗�使生物過程導(dǎo)入了化學(xué)控制的概念。

The growth of knowledge of biochemistry and physiology， which led to the concept of the chemical control of biological processes， has been of particular importance for pharmacology.

10.原始人類依靠大自然所提供的植物和草藥來預(yù)防疾病、保持健康與活力。

Primitive man depended on preventive use of nature's stock of plants and herbs to avoid disease and to maintain health and vigor.

Fight Disease Translation

人們傾向于認(rèn)為抗生素是人類額創(chuàng)造發(fā)明，而事實(shí)上，它們完全是純自然的產(chǎn)物。自從英國生物學(xué)家亞歷山大弗萊明（Alexander Fleming）1928年發(fā)現(xiàn)了有青霉真菌（the Penicillium fungus）中釋放出的一種抗微生物活性的物質(zhì)以來，人們已了解到這種物質(zhì)能生產(chǎn)出高效的抗生素。

事實(shí)上，抗生素正是由它們旨在摧毀的那些生物體（有機(jī)體），即細(xì)菌和真菌，所生產(chǎn)出來的。在弗萊明發(fā)現(xiàn)青霉素之后，1943年塞爾曼魏克斯曼（Selman Waksman）又從一種土壤細(xì)菌（the soil bacterium Streptomyces griseus）中分離出鏈霉素（streptomycin）�？茖W(xué)家還沒有完全弄清生物體（有機(jī)體）為何能生產(chǎn)出抗生素，這個(gè)問題成了某些討論的主題。

抗生素之所以在醫(yī)學(xué)上有用處，不僅因?yàn)樗鼈兡軞⑺罒o用的微生物，還因?yàn)樗鼈儾粫?huì)對(duì)人體細(xì)胞造成同樣的殺傷，人體細(xì)胞跟細(xì)菌的細(xì)胞完全不相同，所以它們可避免被同時(shí)摧毀。

由此，抗生素可被用來特別瞄準(zhǔn)某些微生物，它們被稱作"神奇的子彈".抗生素的這種特點(diǎn)同樣也使它們與抗菌劑有根本的不同，后者往往對(duì)多種細(xì)胞有毒，不管是細(xì)菌的細(xì)胞亦或是人體細(xì)胞醫(yī)學(xué)|教育網(wǎng)整理。

People are inclined to think that the antibiotics are one of human discoveries. They are actually natural products. Since the British biologist Alexander Fleming in 1928 discovered a substance released by the Penicillium fungus to combat microbes， people have come to understand that they can produce efficient antibiotics.

As a matter of fact， antibiotics are produced by those organism， namely germs and fungi， in the process of destroying. After Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin， Selman Waksman isolated streptomycin from the soil bacterium Streptomyces griseus. This problem is becoming a subject of discussion.

Antibiotics are very useful in medical science， because not only they kill useless microbes but also they don't destroy any human normal cells， which are greatly different from bacteria cells. These two knids of cells can be avoided to be destroyed at the same time.

Hence， antibiotics， called， "magic bullets"， may be used to target some microbes. This property makes an essential difference between antibiotics and antimicrobials， the latter is toxic to many cells， both germ cells and human normal cells.