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Alaska

閱讀下面的短文，每篇短文后的練習(xí)分兩部分,第一部分要求從所給的選項(xiàng)里選出所標(biāo)段落的段落標(biāo)題；第二部分要求根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容用所給的選項(xiàng)來(lái)完成句子。

Alaska

In 1858 Americans welcomed Alaska into the Union as the 49th state,symbolizing a change of attitude that hold in 1867,when the peninsula was purchased from Russia.Then,most Americans had little interest in 1，500，000 square kilometers “of icebergs and polar bear”-beyond Canada s western borders,far from the settled areas of the United States.

In those sections of the state which lie above the Arctic Circle,Alaska still is a land of icebergs and polar bear.Ice buried in the earth,which is permanently frozen to a depth of 90 or more meters,From early May until early August,the midnight sun never sets on this flat,treeless region,but the sun cannot melt the icy soil more than two-thirds of a meter down.

Alaska is America s largest state,but only about 325，000 people live there.According to estimates,800，000 hectares of its land area are fit for plowing but only about 640，000 hectares are being cultivated.

Arctic Alaska has been the home of Eskimos for countless centuries.It is believed that the Eskimos moved there from Mongolia or Siberia,probably crossing Bering Strait,named for Vitus Bering,the Danish sea captain who discovered Alaska on his voyage for Russia in 1741.The Eskimos are the state s earliest known inhabitants.Russian fur traders established settlements but,by the time Alaska was sold to the United States,most of the traders had departed.

In 1896 gold was discovered near the Klondike River in Canada just across the Alaskan border.Thousand of Americans rushed to the region on their way to Klondike; some never returned.Alaska was never completely cut off again,although even today transportation is a major problem.There are only two motor routes from the U.S mainland,and within the state,every town has its own airfield.Planes fly passengers,mail and freight to the most distant villages.

The gold that changed life so suddenly for Alaska was soon ended,and although many stories about mining camps have become part of American literature,the gold from Alaskan earth contributed less to economic progress than the fish from Alaska waters.The fish caught in a single year range in value from $80 million to $ 90 million.Fur-bearing animals are plentiful in the forests and streams,and valuable fur seals inhabit the waters.After fishing,the state s chief industry is lumber and the production of wood pulp.In recent years,Alaska s single most important resource has become oil.The state also has large deposits of coal,copper,gold and other minerals.

1.Paragraph 3________

2.Paragraph 4_________

3.Paragraph 5_________

4.Paragraph 6_________

A) Rich resources of the state

B) Connections with the outside world

C) Transportation problem

D) The natives of the land

E) Cold climate

F) Land and population

5.For as long as three months of a year,the sun ________ on the ice-covered land of Alaska.

6.According to statistics,_________ of the total area of Alaska has been used for farming.

7.Alaska was originally part of Russia,but was bought _______.

8.Gold did not bring to Alaska as much wealth__________

A.as fish does

B.because of its rich natural resources

C.by the United States in the 19th century

D.shines day and night

E.only a very small percentage

F.a limited amount of the gold found there.

KEY：FDCADECA

詞匯：

symbolize /'simtolaiz/ v.象征 fur-bearing /fai'besnq/ adj.有毛皮的

peninsular /pe'ninsjub/ n.半島 lumber "lAmb^r) / 伐木，木材

hectare /'hektaiCr)/ n.公頃 pulp /pAlp/ n.木衆(zhòng) range /reind。/ v.(在一定范圍內(nèi))變化，變動(dòng)

注釋：

In 1959 Americans welcomed Alaska into the Union as the 49th state.1959 年美國(guó)人歡迎阿拉斯 加成為美國(guó)的第49個(gè)州。the Union指美國(guó)南北戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)期支持聯(lián)盟政府的各州，此處即指美國(guó)。

the settled areas:已有人定居的地區(qū)

Ice masses lie buried in the earth :地下埋藏著巨大的冰塊。注意這里動(dòng)詞lie的用法，這里lie作半系動(dòng)詞用，既有動(dòng)詞的實(shí)義,同時(shí)又起系動(dòng)詞的作用，后面跟的buried是它的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)或稱表語(yǔ)。

Bering Strait:白令海峽

the earliest known inhabitants ：已知的最早的居民，也可說(shuō)the earliest inhabitants known.

答案與題解：

F這段i長(zhǎng),但提供了一些有關(guān)阿拉斯加面積和人口的數(shù)字。

D本段介紹了愛(ài)斯基摩人最早是怎樣來(lái)到阿拉斯加并成為這片土地永久的居民的。

C這一段的開(kāi)始雖然談了淘金熱的情況，但主要講的還是阿拉斯加和外界的聯(lián)系，以及它 的不那么方便的交通情況。

A這段介紹了阿拉斯加的幾種主要的自然資源，包括魚(yú)類、木材、裘皮、石油等。

D本句中缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,在所給的六個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有shines是單數(shù)第三人稱的動(dòng)詞，后面所 跟的狀語(yǔ) day and night 符合文中內(nèi)容：the midnight sun never sets.

E本句的主語(yǔ)不完整,of前面缺少一個(gè)名詞短語(yǔ)，從內(nèi)容上看應(yīng)填入E。

C but后面的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子使我們很自然就想到或許應(yīng)該有一個(gè)by短語(yǔ)。

A句中出現(xiàn)as much wealth,后面很可能還會(huì)有一個(gè)as引導(dǎo)的句子，否側(cè)比較的意義不完整。

譯文：

阿拉斯加

1959年美國(guó)人歡迎阿拉斯加成為美國(guó)的第49個(gè)州，這表明美國(guó)人的態(tài)度與1867年剛把這個(gè)半島從俄羅斯手中買(mǎi)來(lái)時(shí)的態(tài)度相比有了轉(zhuǎn)變。那個(gè)時(shí)候，大多數(shù)美國(guó)人對(duì)這塊150萬(wàn)平方公里 冰山和北極熊的土地不感興趣。它在加拿大的那一頭，遠(yuǎn)離美國(guó)有人居住的地區(qū)。

阿拉斯加州在北極圈里的部分仍舊是冰山和北極熊出沒(méi)的地方。巨大的冰塊被埋在地下，這里永久的凍土層有90米或者更深。從5月初到8月初，午夜的太陽(yáng)從不離開(kāi)這個(gè)平坦、連一棵樹(shù) 都沒(méi)有的地帶。然而這時(shí)的太陽(yáng)只能曬化2/3米深的凍土層。

阿拉斯加是美國(guó)最大的州，而居民卻只有32.5萬(wàn)人。據(jù)估計(jì)，這里只有80萬(wàn)公頃土地適合耕種，然而正在開(kāi)發(fā)的卻只有64萬(wàn)公頃。

阿拉斯加處于北極地區(qū)的部分千百年來(lái)就是愛(ài)斯基摩人的家園。據(jù)說(shuō)最早的愛(ài)斯基摩人是從蒙古或西伯利亞穿過(guò)白令海峽到這里來(lái)的。白令海峽因丹麥船長(zhǎng)威塔斯?白令而得名。白令船長(zhǎng) 在1741年為俄羅斯所做的一次航行中發(fā)現(xiàn)了阿拉斯加。愛(ài)斯基摩人是已知的阿拉斯加最早的居民。俄羅斯皮毛商在這里建立了居民區(qū)。然而，當(dāng)阿拉斯加被賣(mài)給美國(guó)人的時(shí)候，他們大多離開(kāi)了這里。

18;年在靠近阿拉斯加的加拿大邊境的克朗代克河附近發(fā)現(xiàn)了金子。成千上萬(wàn)的美國(guó)人在奔赴克朗代克河的路上到了這個(gè)地區(qū)，有些人就再也沒(méi)返回。阿拉斯加與其他地方完全隔離的情況 結(jié)束了，可是即使是在今天，運(yùn)輸仍然是主要問(wèn)題。只有兩條公路通往美國(guó)本土，而州內(nèi)各市都 有自己的機(jī)場(chǎng)。飛機(jī)將乘客、郵件和貨物送到最偏遠(yuǎn)的村落。

給阿拉斯加的生活帶來(lái)突變的金子很快就被采光了。雖然那些關(guān)于礦區(qū)營(yíng)地的故事被寫(xiě)進(jìn)文 學(xué)作品，然而阿拉斯加的金子對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的貢獻(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)不如阿拉斯加水中的魚(yú)。那里一年捕到的魚(yú)能 賣(mài)8 000萬(wàn)到9 000方美元。皮毛類動(dòng)物在溪流和森林里多的是，水里有皮毛昂貴的海豹。僅次于 捕魚(yú)業(yè)的是木材業(yè)和木漿生產(chǎn)。近幾年來(lái)阿拉斯加最重要的資源是石油。阿拉斯加還有豐富的煤、銅、金以及其他礦物。