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Smoking

Since 1939,numerous studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard.The trend of the evidence has been consistent and indicates that there is a serious health risk.Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy.

Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat and is believed to be related to cancer of some other organs of the body.Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smoking males.Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply.

Apart from statistics,it might be helpful to look at what tobacco does to the human body.Smoke is a mixture of gases,vaporized chemicals,minute particles of ash and other solids.There is also nicotine,which is powerful poison,and black tar.As smoke is breathed in,all those components from deposits on the membranes of the lungs.One point of concentration is where the air tube and bronchus divides.Most lung cancer begins at this point.

Filters and low tar tobacco are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer,but they can only slightly reduce,not eliminate the hazards.

練習(xí)：

1.It is easy to determine whether smoking is hazardous.

A.Right　　B.Wrong　　C.Not mentioned

2.Smoking reduces one's life expectancy.

A.Right　　B.Wrong　　C.Not mentioned

3.Smoking may induce lung cancer.

A.Right　　B.Wrong　　C.Not mentioned

4.There is evidence that smoking is responsible for breast cancer.

A.Right　　B.Wrong　　C.Not mentioned

5.Male smokers have a lower death rate from heart disease than female smokers

A.Right　　B.Wrong　　C.Not mentioned

6.Nicotine is poisonous.

A.Right　　B.Wrong　　C.Not mentioned

7.Filters and low tar tobacco make smoking safer.

A.Right　　B.Wrong　　C.Not mentioned

答案與解析：

1.B 分析：利用題干中的hazardous作為答案線索詞，這樣直接在文章中找到包含答案相關(guān)詞的句子(Since 1939,numerous studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard.)，判斷該句的含義(為了確認(rèn)是否吸煙會造成健康危害，人們已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了大量的研究工作)與問題句的含義不一致。

2.A 分析：利用該句句意判斷該句說法正確，這樣答案可能是正確或沒提到。利用題干中的life expectancy作為答案線索詞，這樣直接在文章中找到包含答案相關(guān)詞的句子(Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy.)，判斷該句提到了“吸煙與壽命的縮短有關(guān)”，因此判斷問題句的說法正確。

3.A 分析：利用該句句意判斷該句說法正確，這樣答案可能是正確或沒提到。利用題干中的lung cancer作為答案線索詞，這樣直接在文章中找到包含答案相關(guān)詞的句子(Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs)，該句提到“大多數(shù)研究者相信吸煙是造成肺癌的一個(gè)重要因素”，因此可見問題句的說法與原文內(nèi)容一致。

4.C 分析：利用題干中的breast cancer作為答案線索詞，沒有在文章中找到包含該答案線索詞的句子所以判斷問題句的說法為“沒提到”。

5.B 分析： 利用題干中的黑體詞作為答案線索詞，這樣找到答案相關(guān)句(Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smoking males.Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply.)，該句說“男性吸煙者得心臟病的概率要比男性非吸煙者高 女性吸煙者被認(rèn)為患心臟病的的可能性要低些，因?yàn)樗齻兾鼰煹臅r(shí)候不會把煙深深的吸入肺里”，由此可見問題句中說的“男性吸煙者由于心臟病而造成的死亡率要比女性吸煙者低”與文章內(nèi)容不一致。

6.A 分析：利用該句句意判斷該句說法正確，這樣答案可能是正確或沒提到。利用題干中的Nicotine作為答案線索詞，這樣直接在文章中找到包含答案相關(guān)詞的句子(There is also nicotine,which is powerful poison,and black tar(焦油))，確認(rèn)該句的說法與原文一致。

7.B 分析：利用題干中的Filters作為答案線索詞，這樣在文章中找到直接答案相關(guān)句(Filters and low tar tobacco are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer,but they can only slightly reduce,not eliminate the hazards.)，該句說“過濾嘴只是稍許地減少了危險(xiǎn)，并沒有消除危險(xiǎn)”，因此問題句說的“過濾嘴和低焦油香煙使吸煙更加安全”的說法與文章內(nèi)容不一致。