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Dangers Await Babies with Altitude

Women who live in the world's highest communities tend to give birth to under-weight babies,a new study suggests. These babies may grow into adults with a high risk of heart disease and strokes.1

Research has hinted that newborns in mountain communities are lighter than average. But it wasn't clear whether this is due to reduced oxygen levels at high altitude or because their mothers are under-nourished — many people who live at high altitudes are relatively poor compared with those living lower down.

To find out more,Dino Giussani and his team at Cambridge University studied the records of 400 births in Bolivia during 1997 and 1998. The babies were bom in both rich and poor areas of two cities: La Paz and Santa Cruz. La Paz is the highest city in the world,at 3.65 kilometers above sea level,while Santa Cruz is much lower,at 0.44 kilometers.

Sure enough,Giussani found that the average birthweight of babies in La Paz was significantly lower than in Santa Cruz. This was true in both high and low-income families. Even babies bom to poor families in Santa Cruz were heavier on average than babies born to wealthy families in lofty La Paz."We were very surprised by this result,"says Giussani.

The results suggest that babies born at high altitude are deprived of2 oxygen before birth."This may trigger the release or suppression of hormones that regulate growth of the unborn child.3 says Giussani.

His team also found that high-altitude babies tended to have relatively larger heads compared with their bodies4. This is probably because a fetus starved of oxygen will send oxygenated blood to the brain in preference to the rest of the body5.

Giussani wants to find out if such babies have a higher risk of disease in later life. People born in La Paz might be prone to heart trouble in adulthood,for example. Low birthweight is a risk factor for coronary heart disease. And newborns with a high ratio of head size to body weight are often predisposed to high blood pressure and strokes in later life.

練習(xí)：

1.According to the passage,one of the reasons why newborns in mountain communities are underweight is that their mothers are underweight.

A. Right　　 B. Wrong 　　C. Not mentioned

2.Giussani's team members are all British researchers and professors from Cambridge University.

A. Right 　　B. Wrong 　　C. Not mentioned

3.Giussani did not expect to find that the weight of a baby had little to do with the financial conditions of the family he was born into.

A. Right 　　B. Wrong 　　C. Not mentioned

4.The weight of a newborn has to do with the supply of oxygen even when he was still in his mother's womb.

A. Right 　　B. Wrong 　　C. Not mentioned

5.High-altitude babies have heads that are larger than their bodies.

A. Right 　　B. Wrong 　　C. Not mentioned

6.High-altitude babies have longer but thinner limbs than average.

A. Right 　　B. Wrong 　　C. Not mentioned

7.Giussani has arrived at the conclusion that babies in high-altitude regions are more likely to have heart trouble when they grow up.

A. Right 　　B. Wrong 　　C. Not mentioned

答案與題解：

1.B　本題的依據(jù)是第二段中的一句話(huà)：But it wasn't clear whether...or because their mothers are under-nourished... 可見(jiàn)嬰兒體重不足是否是因?yàn)槟阁w營(yíng)養(yǎng)不足尚不能肯定。

2.C　第三段中提到Giussani在劍橋大學(xué)有一個(gè)研究組,但其中的成員是什么人卻沒(méi)有講到。

3.A　第四段里說(shuō)Giussani發(fā)現(xiàn)在La Paz出生的嬰兒比在Santa Cruz出生的嬰兒明顯要輕,不論是高收入的家庭還是低收入的家庭都是這樣,最后的一句話(huà)是:We were very surprised by this result,說(shuō)明這個(gè)結(jié)果是他所沒(méi)有料到的。

4.A 　第五段的第一句話(huà)是...babies born at high altitude are deprived of oxygen before birth.也就是說(shuō)孩子還在母親的子宮內(nèi)時(shí)就已經(jīng)缺氧了,這種缺氧的狀況又影響荷爾蒙的釋放和抑制,這些荷爾蒙又調(diào)節(jié)著嬰兒的發(fā)育。

5.B　回答此題只需正確理解第六段中的...have relatively larger heads compared with their bodies,這句話(huà)的意思不是頭比身體大,而是相對(duì)身體來(lái)說(shuō)頭顯得較大。

6.C　關(guān)于嬰兒四肢的大小文中完全沒(méi)有提及。

7.B　這不是Giussani已得出的結(jié)論,而是他想找到答案的問(wèn)題,請(qǐng)見(jiàn)最后一段的第一、二句：Giussani wants to find out... for example.