為幫助考生有效備考2015年職稱英語考試，網(wǎng)校特意整理了職稱英語相關(guān)復(fù)習(xí)資料，希望對您學(xué)習(xí)職稱英語有所幫助！

例1

Before the nineteenth cen,scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between.

Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings,but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work.

For most people the sea was remote,and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living仕om the sea,there was little reason to ask many questions about it,let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface.The first time that the question‘What is at the bottom of the oceans?' had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable仕om Europe toAmerica was proposed.The engineers had to know the depth profile of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured.

It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned,in 1853,forinformation on this matter.In the 1840s,Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which souhdings were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.Later,some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geogr，αrphy of the Sea.

The cable was laid,but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable.At the early aemp,the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths,a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.

l.Defied in the last sentence probably means

A.doubted

B.gave proof to

C.challenged

D.agreed to

本題考查的是根據(jù)上下文進行詞義猜測的能力。defied是de命的過去式，根據(jù)最后一句可以推測它的詞義，但必須完全讀懂defied前后部分的意思:前一部分是說從海底撈出的電纜上覆蓋著各種各樣的生物，后一部分是當(dāng)時的科學(xué)觀點認為海底深處是沒有生命的。由此可見，前一部分的“事實”(....a fact which ...)是“批駁”后一部分的“觀點”。所以，答案是選項C,"challenged"。這個詞的原意是“向……挑戰(zhàn)”，因而有“對……持異議”、“反對”的意思，其賓語常常是針對某種意見、觀點或權(quán)威。

例2

We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching.On the contrary,both their knowledge and experience are enriched.We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming pupils.It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates.It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child.After all,it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade! By‘held back'(line 1) the author means‘

A.made to remain in the same class

B.forced to study in the lower class

C.drawn to their studies

D.prevented丘om advancing

本題考的是對詞組hold back的理解。根據(jù)上下文，它的意思是"阻擋，阻礙"，選項D是答案。當(dāng)然hold back還可以表示( 1)"猶豫"，如: I have noticed that you do not hold backin our discussion .（我發(fā)覺你在討論時并不猶豫。）；(2)控制，如: The dam was not s仕ong enough to hold back the flood waters.（大壩不夠堅固，擋不住洪水。）：(3)保留，不公布,如: I出ink he's holding something back; he knows more than he admits.（我認為他還隱瞞了一些事情，他知道的比他承認的多。）對照上下文，選項A、B、C都不能表達hold back的意義。