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The Effects of Global Warming on Weather

There are hidden factors which scientists call"feedback mechanisms".No one knows quite how they will interact with the changing climate.Here's one example: plants and animals adapt to climate change over centuries.At the current estimate of half a degree centigrade of warming per decade, vegetation（植物）may not keep up.Climatologist James Hansen predicts climate zones will shift toward the poles by 50 to 75 kilometres a year—faster than trees can naturally migrate.Species that find themselves in an unfamiliar environment will die.The 1000-kilometer-wide strip of forest running through Canada, the USSR and Scandinavia could be cut by half.Millions of dying trees would soon lead to massive forest fires, releasing tons of CO2 and further boosting global warming.

There are dozens of other possible"feedback mechanism".Higher temperatures will fuel condensation and increase cloudiness, which may actually damp down global warming.Others, like the"albedo" effect, will do the opposite.The"albedo" effect is the amount of solar energy reflected by the earth's surface.As northern ice and snow melts and the darker sea and land pokes（戳）through, more heat will be absorbed, adding to the global temperature increase.

Even if we were to magically stop all greenhouse-gas emissions tomorrow the impact on global climate would continue for decades.Delay will simply make the problem worse.The fact is that some of us are doing quite well the way things are.In developed world prosperity has been built on 150 years of cheap fossil fuels.

Material progress has been linked to energy consumption.Today 75 percent of all the world's energy is consumed by a quarter of the world's population.The average rich-world resident adds about 3.2 tons of CO2 yearly to the atmosphere, more than four times the level added by each Third World citizen.The US, with just seven per cent of the global population, is responsible for 22 per cent of global warming.

41."Feedback mechanisms" in paragraph 1 most probably refer to ____________.

A.how plants and animals adapt to hidden factors

B.how plants and animals interact with the changing climate

C.how climate changes

D.how climate zones shift

42.We can learn from the passage that ____________.

A.some feedback mechanisms may slow down global warming

B.the basic facts of global warming are unknown

C.developing countries benefit from cheap fossil fuels

D.developed countries have decided to reduce their energy consumption

43.James Hansen predicts that the shift of climate zones will be accompanied by ____________.

A.the cutting of many trees

B.desirable environmental changes

C.successful migration of species

D.unsuccessful migration of trees

44.It can be inferred from the passage that ____________.

A.the developing world has decided to increase its energy consumption

B.a third-world citizen adds less than a ton of CO2 yearly to the atmosphere

C.the world climate would soon gain its balance if we stopped greenhouse gas emissions

D.future prosperity of the world is dependent on cheap fossil fuels

45.Which of the following is the main topic of the passage? ____________

A.Impact of global warming on climate.

B.Prosperity and cheap fossil fuels.

C.Material progress and energy consumption.

D.Plants and animals in the changing climate.

答案：41.B第一段中的“feedback mechanisms"的意思最可能是：A動(dòng)植物是如何適應(yīng)隱蔽因素的;B動(dòng)植物是如何與不斷變化的氣候相互作用的;C氣候是如何變化的;D氣候帶是如何遷移的。

42.A從文章中我們可以得知：A某些反饋機(jī)制可能減緩全球變暖的速度;B全球變暖的基本事實(shí)還不為人所知;C發(fā)展中國(guó)家從廉價(jià)的礦物燃料中獲益;D發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家打算降低能耗。

43.D預(yù)測(cè)氣候帶的遷移將由下列哪一項(xiàng)伴隨進(jìn)行?A許多樹(shù)木被砍伐;B有利的環(huán)境變化;C物種的成功遷移;D樹(shù)木的不成功遷移。

44.B從文章可以推斷出：A發(fā)展中國(guó)家打算增加能源的消耗;B第三世界每年向大氣層釋放的二氧化碳，人均不超過(guò)一噸;C如果我們停止排放引起溫室效應(yīng)的廢氣，全球的氣候就會(huì)獲得平衡;D未來(lái)世界的繁榮靠廉價(jià)的礦物能源。

45.A本篇文章的主題是：A全球變暖給氣候帶來(lái)的影響;B繁榮與廉價(jià)的礦物能源;C物質(zhì)進(jìn)步與能源消耗;D氣候變化過(guò)程中的動(dòng)植物。