考生在備考過程中要將各個職稱英語知識點練透、練活，一步一個腳印，扎實掌握每個知識點。緊密結(jié)合最新的考試大綱，從考試大綱出發(fā)，幾乎涵蓋了考試大綱列示的所有考點，并在此基礎(chǔ)上對相關(guān)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行適當(dāng)擴展，拓寬了考生的詞匯量。備考時多做試題，了解考點出題方向，利于查漏補缺。

Water

From the beginning,water has furnished man with a source of food and a highway to travel upon.The first civilizations arose ____1_____ Water was a dominant element in the environment,a challenge ____2____ man‘s ingenuity.The Egyptians invented the 365-day calendar in response to the Nile’s annual flooding.The Babylonians,___3___were among the most famous law-makers in ancient times,invented laws ____4____ water usage.Water inspired the Chinese to build a 1，000-___5___ canal,a complex system which,after nearly 2，500 years,remains still practically ____6____ and still commands the astonishment of engineers.But _____7____ never found complete solutions to their water problems.The Yellow River is also known as “China‘s Sorrow”;it is so unpredictable and dangerous ____8____ in a single flood it has caused a million ____9____.Floods slowed the great ____10____ of the Indus River Valley,and inadequate drainage ruined _____11______ of its land.Today water dominates man ____12____ it always has done.Its presence continues to ____13_____ the location of his homes and cities;its violent variability can ____14___man or his herds or his crops;its routes links him_____15____ his fellows;its immense value may add to already dangerous political conflicts.There are many examples of this in our own time.

練習(xí)：

1.A）where B）the place C）when D）in the place

2.A）with B）as C）to D）on

3.A）they B）/ C）that D）who

4.A）regulates B）regulate C）regulated D）regulating

5.A）miles B）mile C）mile's D）miles'

6.A）in use B）for use C）by use D）on use

7.A）ancient B）the ancients C）ancients D）ancients people

8.A）that B）/ C）because D）which

9.A）people B）deaths C）damages D）ruins

10.A）influence B）effect C）society D）civilization

11.A）many B）lot C）much D）a lots

12.A）for B）as C）because D）whereas

13.A）govern B）control C）lead D）influence

14.A）cause B）violate C）kill D）damage

15.A）by B）on C）and D）to

答案與題解：

1.A 這個句子的意思是說，最初的人類文明出現(xiàn)于水在周圍的環(huán)境中起著重要作用的地方。所以要用where引導(dǎo)一個表示地點的狀語叢集。又如：The young people should go where the country needs them the most.

2.C 在英語中，表示“對……的挑戰(zhàn)”的意思要用 a challenge to … .

3.D 這個句子的主語是 the Babylonians，謂語是后面的invented laws … .可見，都好后面的成分要做補充說明用。根據(jù)已有的信息，我們可以推出這里who是正確的，它同后面的部分組成一個非限制性的定語從句，修飾主語。注意，that雖然也可以引導(dǎo)定語從句，但它不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。

4.D 這里只能填regulating，該詞同后面的短語構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在分詞短語，修飾上文的laws.整個名詞短語的意識是“管理用水的法律”。

5.B 當(dāng)一個名詞修飾另一個名詞時，該名詞往往用其單數(shù)形式（當(dāng)然并非總是如此，下面這樣的句子也是有人說的：We had a two weeks holiday.）。根據(jù)這一原則，1000-后接mile，像上文的 the 365-day就是遵循了這一原則。又如： a four-hour ride，a twenty-mile trip ，a five-room house,a six-storey building.

6.A remain in use 表示仍然在使用。 in use 是“在使用”的意思。又如：The textbook is no longer in use.If this is not in use,I‘d like to borrow it.

7.B ancient 既是形容詞也是名詞，the ancients 尤指古代文明的人。

8.A 前文有so，這里應(yīng)該填入that，that引導(dǎo)的小句表示一種結(jié)果。又如：The weather was so bad that the children stayed indoors the whole day.

9.B death 是可數(shù)名詞，也是不可數(shù)名詞。作可數(shù)名詞時，是指某種類型的死（如：He died a natural death.）也可指死了多少人。 damage 是不可數(shù)名詞，它的復(fù)數(shù)形式 damages 主要用在法律領(lǐng)域，指損害賠償。如：The court ordered him to pay $1，000 damages to the person he had hurt.ruin 是不可數(shù)名詞。可數(shù)形式ruins 常指“遺跡”、“廢墟”等，如： The majestic ruins of Rome impressed her immensely.可以看出，在這三個選項中，只有deaths 是合適的。 cause 是使役動詞，可以說“… it caused a million people to die.”但不可以說*“… it caused a million people.”所以填入people是錯誤的。

10.D 正確的答案是 civilization，意思是“印度河谷的人類文明”。

11.C 量詞 many,a lot of,lots of 和much是一個連續(xù)統(tǒng)一體。具體地說，many只修飾可數(shù)名詞，much是、只修飾不可數(shù)名詞，而a lot of 和lots of 處于兩者之間，既可限定可數(shù)名詞，也可限定不可數(shù)名詞。lots of 比 a lot of 在口氣上更隨便些。下面是一些具體的用 a lot of 和lots of 的例子：I remember a lot of things./ A lot of our land is used to grow crops for export./ There are lots of things I could do./ I want lots of food.英語中沒有l(wèi)ot of 和 a lots of 這樣的兩次,land在此處是不可數(shù)名詞，因此，唯一合適的選擇是much.

12.B 正確的答案是填入as ，此處的as 引導(dǎo)的是表示方式的狀語從句，整個句子的意思是說“今天，水就像它一直控制人類一樣仍然在控制著人類”。由于原文前后兩個句子之間沒有一種因果關(guān)系，所以填入for 或because 都是不對的。而whereas 一詞通常表示對比關(guān)系，如：The boys are singing whereas the girls are dancing.所以填入這個詞在語義上是不合適的。

13.A 這個句子的意思是說，水的存在決定著人們選擇安家建城的位置。Govern 和control都有“控制”和“支配”的意思。Govern可以是人的支配，也可以使自然法則或自然力量的控制或支配。所以，govern是一個合適的詞。lead的意思是“引導(dǎo)；領(lǐng)導(dǎo)”。Influence的意思是“影響”。

14.C 如（9）中所說，cause是使役動詞，只說“… can cause man or his herbs or his crops ”句子不完整。Violate一詞的后面可以跟 a rule,a law，但不能說是man.Damage一詞的后面常跟物質(zhì)的東西，如a house,a village,crops等，也不能接man .所以只有kill一詞是正確的選擇。注意 kill可以跟“活著的東西”，所以kill his crops 在語義上完全成立。又如：The cold weather has killed the flowers.

15.D link 一詞可跟to 搭配，又如：The bridge links this city to that village.