2015年衛(wèi)生類職稱英語語法：虛擬語氣

虛擬語氣用來表達(dá)不可能或難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，通常分為基本的三種形式。

1. 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬：

If + did / were + ..., ... would

should

could + do (動詞原形)

might

If I were you, I would go abroad at once. (I am not you.)

If he knew it now, he could help me. (He doesn't know it now.)

2. 與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬：

If + had done + ..., ... would (might) have done ...

If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have phoned you.

(I didn't know your telephone number.)

If you had come here a littleearlier just now, you might have met her.

(You didn't come here earlier.)

3. 與將來事實(shí)相反的虛擬：

(1) If + should + v., ... would + v.

(可能性很小)(譯作“萬一”)

If it should rain tomorrow, you could stay at home.

If I should fail, what should Ido?

(2) If + did / were to + v ..., would + v.

(完全不可能)

If the sun were to rise in the west, I would lend you the money.

If you finished it in 3 minutes, I would give you my car.

4. 重點(diǎn)：

[簡單聯(lián)想記憶]：

● 下列動詞后的“賓語從句”中需要用虛擬形式，即should + 動詞原形，shoud在美國英語中要省略(TOEFL語法考點(diǎn))。此類常見的動詞有：order, ask, decide, demand, require, recommend, suggest(建議)insist(堅(jiān)決要求)，advise, etc.

例句：He suggested that we (should) help them with English.

The teacher ordered that the homework (should) be finished within half an hour.

● 下列名詞后的同位語從句中要用“should + 動詞原形”(should可省去)的虛擬。

suggestion, order, request, demand, importance, proposal.

He made a suggestion that we (should) have a fancy dress party.

I think it is a thing of importance that it (should) be done soon.

● It is / was important / necessary / natural / essential / advisable / strange / surprising, ect. + that +主語+ should + v.

It is strange that you should say such a thing.

It was important that you should tell me all the information.

● wish后的賓語從句中，as if 后的狀語從句中，須用下列的虛擬形式：

主 + wish+ (that) + 主 + did / were(指現(xiàn)在)

haddone(指過去)

would+ v.(指將來)

Iwishthat I met my uncle now.

IwishI had met my uncle yesterday.

IwishI could meet my uncle tomorrow.

● It is (high) time that ... + did / were ...

It is time that you went to bed.

● would rather that ... + did / were ...

I would rather that you were not here now.

● would sooner that ... + did / were ...

I would sooner that you got up earlier.

I would sooner that you were not my brother.