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第4部分：閱讀理解

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每道題后面有4個選項。請根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容，從每題所給的4個選項中選擇個最佳答案，涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。

根據(jù)材料，回答31-36問題。

　　Play

　　Play is the principal business of childhood, and in recent years research has shown the great importance of play in the development of a human being. From earliest infancy, every child needs opportunity and the right materials for play, and the main tools of play are toys. Their main function is to suggest, encourage and assist play. To succeed in this they must be good toys, which children will play with often, and will come back to again and again. Therefore it is important to choose suitable toys for different stages of a child's development.

　　In recent years research on infant development has shown that the standard a child is likely to reach, within the range of his inherited abilities, is largely determined in the first three years of his life. So a baby's ability to profit from the right play materials should not be underestimated.A baby who is encouraged and stimulated, talked to and shown things and played with, has the best chance of growing up successfully.

　　In the next stage, from three to five years old, curiosity knows no bounds. Every type of suitable toy should be made available to the child, for trying out, experimenting and learning, for discovering his own particular ability. Bricks and jigsaws (七巧板) and construction toys; painting, scribbling (涂鴉) and making things; sand and water play; toys for imaginative and pretending play; the first social games for learning to play and get on with others.

　　But the third stage of play development — from five to seven or eight years -- the child is at school. But for a few more years play is still the best way of learning, at home or at school. It is easier to see which type of toys the chills most enjoys.

　　Until the age of seven or eight, play and work mean much the same to a child.But once reading has been mastered, then books and school become the main source of learning. Toys are still interesting and valuable, they lead on to new hobbies, but their significance has changed --to a child of nice or ten years, toys and games mean, as to adults, relaxation and fun.

　　The passage tells us that as a child grows up, _______.

　　A.he should be allowed to choose his own toys

　　B.he should be given identical toys

　　C.he should be given different toys

　　D.he should be given fewer and fewer toys

　　32、 According to the passage, the abilities a child has inherited from his parents_______.

　　A.determine his character

　　B.will not change after the age of three

　　C.partly determine the standard he is likely to reach

　　D.to a large extent determine the choice of toys

　　33、 Who have the best chance of growing up successfully?

　　A.Those who tend to overeat.

　　B.Those who are given a lot of toys.

　　C.Those who are given toys, talked to and played with.

　　D.Those who can share their toys with their playmates.

　　34、 We learn from the passage that a child has boundless curiosity_______.

　　A.when he is two

　　B.when he is around four

　　C.when he is six

　　D.when he is eight

　　35、 The passage is mainly about_______.

　　A.the importance of pre-school education

　　B.the importance of schooling

　　C.the role of play in a child's development

　　D.the choice of toys for adolescents

　　根據(jù)下列材料，回答36-50題

　　New US Plan for Disease Prevention

　　Urging Americans to take responsibility for their health, Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson on Tuesday launched a $15 million program to try to encourage communities to do more to prevent chronic diseases like heart disease, cancer and diabetes (糖尿病)。

　　The initiative highlights the costs of chronic diseases -- the leading causes of death in the United States -- and outlines ways that people can prevent them, including better diet and increased exercise.

　　"In the United States today, 7 of 10 deaths and the vast majority of serious illness, disability and health care costs are caused by chronic diseases," the Health and Human Services department said in a statement.

　　The causes are often behavioral -- smoking, poor eating habits and a lack of exercise.

　　"I am convinced that preventing disease by promoting better health is a smart policy choice for our future." Thompson told a conference held to launch the initiative.

　　"Our current health care system is not structured to deal with the rising costs of treating diseases that are largely preventable through changes 　　in our lifestyle choices. "

　　Thompson said heart disease and strokes will cost the country more than $ 351 billion in 2003.

　　"These leading causes of death for men and women are largely preventable, yet we as a nation are not taking the steps necessary for US to lead healthier, longer lives," he said.

　　The $15 million is designed to go to communities to promote prevention, pushing for changes as simple as building sidewalks to encourage people to walk more.

　　Daily exercise such as walking can prevent and even reverse heart disease and diabetes, and prevent cancer and strokes.

　　The money will also go to community organizations, clinics and nutritionists who are being encouraged to work together to educate people at risk of diabetes about what they card do to prevent it and encourage more cancer screening.

　　The American Cancer Society estimates that half of all cancers can be caught by screening, including Pap tests (巴氏試驗) for cervical (子宮頸的) cancer mammograms (****X線照 片) for breast cancer, colonoscopies (結(jié)腸鏡檢查), and prostate (前列腺的) checks.

　　If such cancers were all caught by early screening, the group estimates that the survival rate for cancer would rise to 95 percent.

　　36、Which of the following is NOT true of chronic diseases in the US?

　　A.They account for 70%of all deaths.

　　B.They are responsible for most of the health care costs.

　　C.They often result in unhealthy lifestyles.

　　D.They are largely preventable.

　　37、 The author mentions all the following ways of disease prevention EXCEPT_______.

　　A.better diet

　　B.increased exercise

　　C.less smoking

　　D.more frequent hand washing

　　38、 The passage indicates that spending more money on disease prevention will mean_______.

　　A.greater responsibility of the government

　　B.less need for input into treatment

　　C.higher costs of health care

　　D.more lifestyle choices for people

　　39、 The purpose of the $15 million program is to_______.

　　A.promote disease prevention

　　B.build more highways

　　C.help poor communities

　　D.wipe out chronic diseases

　　40、 Early cancer screening can help reduce significantly_______.

　　A.the death rates for all chronic diseases

　　B.the kinds of cancer attacking people

　　C.the incidence rate for cancer

　　D.the death rate for cancer

　　根據(jù)下列材料，回答41-55題

　　Technology Transfer in Germany

　　When it comes to translating basic research into industrial Success, few nations can match Germany. Since the 1940s, the nation's vast industrial base has been fed with a constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science.And though German prosperity (繁榮) has faltered (衰退) over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east and west as well as the global economic decline, it still has an enviable record for turning ideas into profit.

　　Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society, a network of research institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought -- after technologies. But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition. Universities are taking an ever larger role in technology transfer, and technology parks are springing up all over. These efforts are being complemented by the federal programmes for pumping money into start-up companies.

　　Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success, but it is not without its critics. These people worry that favoring applied research will mean neglecting basic science, eventually starving industry of fresh ideas. If every scientist starts thinking like an entrepreneur (企業(yè)家), the argument goes, then the traditional principles of university research being curiosity-driven, free and widely available will suffer. Others claim that many of the programmers to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half the small businesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years.

　　While this debate continues, new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germany's research networks, which bear famous names such as Helmholtz, Max Planck and Leibniz. Yet it is the fourth network, the Fraunhofer Society, that plays the greatest role in technology transfer.

　　Founded in 1949, the Fraunhofer Society is now Europe's largest organization for applied technology, and has 59 institutes employing 12000 people.It continues to grow. Last year, it swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in Berlin. Today, there are even Fraunhofers in the US and Asia.

　　41、What factor can be attributed to German prosperity?

　　A.Technology transfer.

　　B.Good management.

　　C.Hard work.

　　D.Fierce competition.

　　42、 Which of the following is NOT true of traditional university research?

　　A.It is free.

　　B.It is profit-driven.

　　C.It is widely available

　　D.It is curiosity-driven.

　　43、 The Fraunhofer Society is the largest organisation for applied technology in_______.

　　A.Asia

　　B.USA

　　C.Europe

　　D.Africa

　　44、 When was the Fraunhofer Society founded?

　　A.In 1940.

　　B.Last year.

　　C.After the unification.

　　D.In 1949.

　　45、 The word "expertise" in line 3 could be best replaced by_______.

　　A."experts"

　　B."scientists"

　　C."scholars"

　　D."special knowledge"