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　　第4部分：閱讀理解(第31～45題，每題3分，共45分) 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個最佳選項(xiàng)。

Find Yourself Packing It on?Blame Friends

　　Obesity call spread from person to person，much like a virus，researchers are reporting today.When one person gains weight，close friends tend to gain weight，too.

　　Their study，published in The New England Journal of Medicine，involved a detailed analysis of a large social network of 12，067 people who were been closely followed for 32 years，from 1971 to 2003.

　　The investigators knew who were friends with whom as well as who was a spouse or sibling or neighbor，and they knew how much each person weighed at various times over three decades. That let them reconstruct what happened over the years as individuals became obese.Did their friends also become obese?Did family members?Or neighbors?

　　The answer，the researchers report，was that people were most likely to become obese when a friend became obese.That increased a person's chances of becoming obese by 57 percent.There was no effect when a neighbor gained or lost weight，however，and family members had less influence than friends.

　　It did not even matter if the friend was hundreds of miles away，the influence remained. And the greatest influence of all was between close mutual friends.There，if one became obese. the other had a 171 percent increased chance of becoming obese.too.

　　The same effect seemed to occur for weight loss，the investigators say.But since most people were gaining，not losing，over the 32 years，me result was，on average，that people grew fatter.

　　Dr.Nicholas A.Christakis，a physician and professor of medical sociology at Harvard Medical School and a principal investigator in the new study，said one explanation was that friends affected each others’perception of fatness.When a close friend becomes obese，obesity may not look so bad.

　　“You change your idea of what is an acceptable body type by looking at the people around you.”Dr.Christakis said.

　　The investigators say their findings can help explain why Americans have become fatter in recent years—each person who became obese was likely to drag along some friends.

　　Their analysis was unique，Dr.Christakis said，because it moved beyond a simple analysis of one person and his or her social contacts and instead examined all entire social network alonce，looking at how a person’s friend’s friends，or a spouse’s sibling’s friends.could have aIl influence on a person’s weight.

　　The effects，he said，“highlight the importance of a spreading process.a kind of social contagion，that spreads through the network.”of course，the investigators say.social networks are not the only factors that affect body weight.There is a strong genetic component at work，too.

　　Science has shown that individuals have genetically determined ranges of weights，spanning perhaps 30 0r so pounds for each person.But that leaves a large role for the environment in determining whether a person’s weight is near the top of his or her range or near the bottom.As people have gotten fatter，it appears that many are edging toward the top of their ranges.The question has been why.

　　If the new research is correct，it may say that something in the environment seeded what some call an obesity epidemic，making a few people gain weight.Then social networks let the obesity spread rapidly.

　　根據(jù)以上內(nèi)容，回答31-45題。

　　Who had the greatest influence on people who became obese?

　　A.Their friends.

　　B.Their neighbors.

　　C.Their family members.

　　D.Their colleagues.

　　32、 Which of the following statement about a friend’s influence is false according to the report?

　　A.Friends had more influence than family members on people who became obese.

　　B.Even if the friend lives far away，the influence still remained.

　　C.People were not likely to lose weight when they have skinny friends.

　　D.The greatest influence of all was between close mutual friends.

　　33、 According to Dr.Nicholas A，Christakis，what is the explanation for friends being the greatest influence?

　　A.Friends usually spend a lot of time together.

　　B.Friends share similar eating habits.

　　C.Friends are more important than family members.

　　D.Friends affected each others’feelings of fatness.

　　34、 Which factor of becoming obese is not mentioned in this report?

　　A.Social contact.

　　B.Genetic information.

　　C.Life style.

　　D.Environmental influences.

　　35、 In what way is obesity contagious and epidemic?

　　A.Social networks let the obesity spread rapidly.

　　B.1ndividuals have genetically determined ranges of weights.

　　C.Obesity can easily spread from one to another without any physical contact.

　　D.Obesity can spread rapidly and extensively by infection and affecting many individuals in an area or a population at the same time.

Natural Medicine

　　Since earliest days，humans have used some kinds of medicines.We know this because humans have survived.Ancient treatments for injury and disease were successful enough to keep humans from dying out completely.

　　They were successful long before the time of modem medicine.Before the time of doctors with white coats and shiny(發(fā)亮的)instruments.Before the time of big hospitals with strange and wonderful equipment.

　　Many parts of the world still do not have university—educated doctors.Nor do they have expensive hospitals.Yet injuries are treated.And diseases are often cured,how?By ancient methods.By medicines that might seem mysterious，even magical(有魔力的).Traditional medicines are neither mysterious nor magical，however.

　　Through the centuries，tribal(部落的)medicine men experimented with plants.They found many useful chemicals in the plants.And scientists believe many of these traditional medicines may provide the cure for some of today’s’most serious diseases.

　　Experts say almost 80%of the people in the world use plants for health care.These natural medicines are used not just because people have no other form of treatment.They are used because people trust them.In developed areas，few people think about the source of the medicines they buy in a store.Yet many widely—used medicines are from ancient sources， especially plants.Some experts say more than 25%of modem medicines come，in one way or another，from nature.

　　Scientists have long known that nature is really a chemical factory.All living things contain chemicals that help them survive.So scientists’interest in traditional medicine is not new.But it has become an urgent concern.This is because the earth’s supply of natural medicines may be dropping rapidly.

　　根據(jù)以上內(nèi)容，回答36-50題。

　　The passage indicates that ancient treatments for injury and disease were______.

　　A.much more successful than modern ones

　　B.successful in all cases

　　C.successful enough for humans to survive

　　D.of little help to humans

　　37、 Which of the following statements is NOT true?

　　A.Many big and modern hospitals are expensive.

　　B.Modern medicines are now available all over the world.

　　C.Traditional medicines are neither mysterious nor magical.

　　D.Humans have used some kinds of medicines since earliest days.

　　38、 It is believed by scientists that traditional medicine_______.

　　A.can cure all kinds of diseases

　　B.are no longer useful for modern men

　　C.may cu re some of today’s most serious diseases

　　D.are too cheap to be useful

　　39、 What do the majority of the people in the world use for health care?

　　A.Plants.

　　B.Factory—produced chemicals.

　　C.Modern medicines.

　　D.Strange and wonderful equipment.

　　40、 It can be seen from the passage that the earth’s supply of natural medicines _______.

　　A.may never be exhausted

　　B.is surprisingly big

　　C.may be dropping rapidly

　　D.is as rich as ever

Quality Education

　　A quality education is the ultimate liberator.It can free people from poverty，giving them the power to greatly improve their lives and take a productive place in society.It Can also free communities and countries，allowing them to leap forward into periods of wealth and social unity that otherwise would not be possible.

　　For this reason.the international community has committed itself to getting all the world’s children into primary school by 2015，a commitment known as Education for All.

　　Can education for all be achieved by 2015 7 The answer is definitely“yes”，although it is a difficult task.If we now measure the goal in terms of children successfully completing a minimum of five years of primary school，instead of just enrolling for classes，which used to be the measuring stick for education，then the challenge becomes even more difficult.Only 32 countries were formerly believed to be at risk of not achieving education for all on the basis of enrollment rates.The number rises t0 88 if completion rates are used as the criterion.

　　Still，the goal is achievable with the right policies and the right support from the international community.59 0f the 88 countries at risk Can reach universal primary completion by 2015 if they bring the efficiency and quality of their education systems into line with standards observed in higher—performing systems.They also need significant increases in external financing and technical support.The 29 countries lagging farthest behind will not reach the goal without unprecedented rates of progress.But this is attainable with creative solution，including use of information technologies，flexible and targeted foreign aid，and fewer people living in poverty.

　　A key lesson of experience about what makes development effective is that a country’s capacity to use aid well depends heavily on its policies，institutions and management.Where a country scores well on these criteria，foreign assistance Can be highly effective.

　　根據(jù)以上內(nèi)容，回答41-55題。

　　In the first paragraph，the author suggests that a quality education can_____.

　　A.free countries from foreign rules

　　B.speed up social progress

　　C.give people freedom

　　D.liberate people from any exploitation

　　42、 Ideally，the goal of the program of Education for All is to_____by 2015.

　　A.get all the world’s children to complete primary school

　　B.enroll all the world’s children into primary school

　　C.give quality education to people of 88 countries

　　D.support those committed to transforming their education systems

　　43、 countries are now at risk Of not achieving Education for All on the basis of completion rates.

　　A.32

　　B.59

　　C.29

　　D.88

　　44、 According to the passage，which of the following is NOT mentioned as the right policy?

　　A.Raising the efficiency of education systems.

　　B.Improving the quality of education.

　　C.Using information technologies.

　　D.Building more primary schools.

　　45、 As can be gathered from the last paragraph.foreign aid_____.

　　A.may not be highly effective

　　B.is provided only when some criteria are met

　　C.alone makes development possible

　　D.is most effective for those countries lagging farthest behind