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Preventing Child Maltreatment(B級)

Child maltreatment is a global problem with serious life-long consequences. There are no reliable global estimates for the prevalence of child maltreatment. Data for many countries, especially low- and middle-income countries, are lacking.

Child maltreatment is complex and difficult to study. Current estimates vary widely depending on the country and the method of research used. Nonetheless, international studies reveal that approximately 20% of women and 5'10% of men report being Sexually abused as children, while25-50% of all children report being physically abused. Additionally, many children are subject to1 emotional abuse (sometimes referred to as2 psychological abuse).

Every year, there are an estimated 31,000 homicide deaths in children under 15. This number underestimates the true extent of the problem, as a significant proportion of deaths due to child maltreatment are incorrectly attributed to3 falls, burns and drowning.

Child maltreatment causes suffering to children and families and can have long-term consequences. Maltreatment causes stress that is associated with disruption in early brain development. Extreme stress can impair the development of the nervous and immune systems. Consequently, as adults, maltreated children are at increased risk for behaveioural, physical and mental health problems. Via the behavioural and mental health consequences, maltreatment can contribute to heart disease, cancer, suicide and sexually transmitted infections.Beyond the health consequences of child maltreatment, there is an economic impact, including costs of hospitalizeation, mental health treatment, child welfare, and longer-term health costs.

A number of risk factors for child maltreatment have been identified. These risk factors are not present in all social and cultural contexts, but provide an overview when attempting to understand the causes of child maltreatment.

It is important to emphasize that children are the victims and are never to blame for5 maltreatment. A number of characteristics of an individual child may increase the likelihood of being maltreated, such as being either under four years old or an adolescent, being unwanted, or failing to fulfil the expectations of parents and having special needs, crying

persistently or having abnormal physical features.

練習：

1. The difficult situation in the global estimates of the child maltreatment is due to the following factors EXCEPT _____

according to the passage. 根據(jù)短文，________不是造成評估全球兒童虐待蔓延程度的原因。

A child maltreatment is a global problem虐待兒童是一個全球性問題。

B there is no exact data about low- and mid-income countries關于中低等收入的家庭沒有數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計。

C there is a shortage of the professional data collectors由于缺乏一些低收入國家的精確數(shù)據(jù)。(正確答案)

D different scientists use different research methods不同的科學家使用不同的研究方法。

2. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? 根據(jù)短文，________是正確的。

A 20% of women got sexually abused in their childhood.20%的女性在她們孩童時代遭受到性別歧視的虐待。

B 25-50% of all children were reported to have been physically abused. 有25% 到50%的兒童曾經(jīng)受到身體上的虐待。(正確答案)

C 25-50% of children were psychologically abused. 有25% 到50%的兒童遭受過心理虐待。

D 60-75% of children were neglected by their parents.有60%到75%的兒童被他們的父母所忽視。