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語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式,它表示主語和謂語的關(guān)系.語態(tài)有兩種:主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài).如果主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,或者是說動(dòng)作是由主語完成的,要用主動(dòng)語態(tài);如果主語是動(dòng)作的承受者,或者是說動(dòng)作不是由主語而是由其他人完成的,則用被動(dòng)語態(tài).

被動(dòng)語態(tài)考點(diǎn)聚焦

(一)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的概念:

不知道或沒必要提到動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰時(shí)用被動(dòng)語態(tài).強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)(by短語有時(shí)可以省略).

(二)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成方式:

be + 過去分詞,口語只也有用get / become + 過去分詞表示.

(三)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本用法:

(1)使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題.

①主動(dòng)變化被動(dòng)時(shí)雙賓語的變化.看下列例句.

My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.

An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday.

I was given an interesting book (by my friend)on my birthday.

②主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)時(shí),賓補(bǔ)成主補(bǔ)(位置不變);(作補(bǔ)語的)不定式前需加to.

The boss made him work all day long.

He was made to work all day long(by the boss)

③短語動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),勿要掉"尾巴".

The children were taken good care of (by her).

Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.

④情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等結(jié)構(gòu)變被動(dòng)語態(tài), 只需將它們后面的動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閎e +過去分詞.

⑤當(dāng)句子的謂語為say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等時(shí),被動(dòng)語態(tài)有兩種形式:(A)謂語動(dòng)詞用被動(dòng)語態(tài),動(dòng)詞不定式作主補(bǔ).(B)用it作形式主語,真正的主語在后面用主語在后面用主語從句來表示.如:

People say he is a smart boy.

It is said that he is a smart boy.

He is said to be a smart boy.

People know paper was made in China first.

It is known that paper was made in China first.

Paper was known to be made in China first.

類似句型有:It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that …

①所有的不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞詞組不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)之中.

②表示狀態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞,如:last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、look like、consist to等.

③表示歸屬的動(dòng)詞,如have、own、belong to等.

④表示"希望、意圖"的動(dòng)詞,如:wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等.

⑤賓語是反身代詞或相互代詞時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語態(tài),不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài).

⑥賓語是同源賓語,不定式、動(dòng)名詞等謂語動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)語態(tài).

⑦有些動(dòng)詞以其主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義,特別是當(dāng)主語是物時(shí),常見的動(dòng)詞有sell、write、wash、open、lock等.

(3)主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義.

①當(dāng)feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容詞時(shí);當(dāng)cut、read、sell、wear、write等詞帶狀語修飾語時(shí);當(dāng)動(dòng)詞表示"開始、結(jié)束、關(guān)、停、轉(zhuǎn)、啟動(dòng)"等意義時(shí).

This kind of cloth washes easily.這種布易洗.

These novels won't sell well.這些小說不暢銷.

My pen writes smoothly.我的鋼筆寫起來很流暢.

The door won't lock.門鎖不上.

The fish smells good.魚聞起來香.

②當(dāng)break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等動(dòng)詞表示"發(fā)生、關(guān)閉、制定"等意思時(shí).

The plan worked out successfully.

The lamps on the wall turn off.

③want, require, need后面的動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)含義.

④be worth doing用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義.

⑤在"be + 形容詞 + to do"中,不定式的邏輯賓語是句子的主語,用主動(dòng)代被動(dòng).

This kind of water isn't fit to drink.

The girl isn't easy to get along with.

另外:be to blame(受譴責(zé)),be to rent(出租)也用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng).