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二.原因狀語(yǔ)從句

I) because, since,和as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句

1. 其中because語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，多表示所述理由是本句重點(diǎn)，強(qiáng)調(diào)別人未知的事實(shí)，故because引導(dǎo)的從句多放在句末，回答why的問(wèn)句時(shí)，只能用because。

在語(yǔ)氣上since次之，as最弱。since和as表示的原因，多是已知的既成事實(shí)，原因以外的才是敘述的重點(diǎn)，因而兩者多用于句首。

As it is raining, let’s stay indoors.

Since you have no license, you are not allowed to drive.

用強(qiáng)調(diào)句式強(qiáng)調(diào)原因狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只能用because引導(dǎo)。

It was because he was careless that he failed.

在because引導(dǎo)的從句中，如果主句是否定句，而主句和后面的從句之間沒有逗號(hào)分開，這時(shí)not 修飾的是后面的整個(gè)從句。

The machine did not stop because the fuel was used up.

機(jī)器停了下來(lái)，并不是因?yàn)槿剂嫌霉饬恕?/p>

如果主句和從句間用逗號(hào)分開，意思就不同了。

I was not kind to him, because he was rude. 我對(duì)他不友好，因?yàn)樗麩o(wú)禮。

II) for 和because 的區(qū)別

because 表示因果關(guān)系，語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng);而for引導(dǎo)的是并列句，它只是對(duì)前面分句進(jìn)行解釋， 說(shuō)明推斷的理由，并且只能后置。

It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning.

(該句不能用because, 因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在地面濕不是導(dǎo)致昨夜下雨的原因)

It is morning, for the birds are singing. 天亮了， 鳥兒在鳴叫。

(鳥鳴不能引起天亮，所以本句不能用because代替for)

三.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句

so … that, such … that, so,等引導(dǎo)出結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句

注：I) 注意so和such后面跟的詞。其常見情況為：

so + adj. / adv.+ that; he is so clever that everyone likes him.

such a (an) + adj. + n. + that( =so +adj. +a(an) + n. +that)

such + n. (可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞) + that

若名詞前的修飾語(yǔ)為many, much, few, little則用so,不用such.

There is so much homework to do that I can’t play computer games today.

There is such lot of homework to do that I can’t play computer games today.

四.目的狀語(yǔ)從句

I) so that, in order that和in case, lest 等引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句

so that , in order that 常與may, can, could, might等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用

In order that he shouldn’t wake up his wife, he came in quietly.

Ⅱ) in case, lest 引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句多用虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)：should + v. 原形，意為“以防”、“以免”。 例如：

He ran away lest he (should) be caught.

I hid the book in case she should see it. 我把書藏起來(lái)，以防被她看到。