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第四部分：閱讀理解（每題3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每道題后面有4個(gè)選項(xiàng)。請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文回答其后面的問題，從4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)最佳答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。

第1篇

The best way to reduce your weight

You hear this：“No Wonder you are fat．An you ever do is eat．”You feel sad：“I skip my breakfast and supper．I run every morning and evening．What else can I do?”Basically you can do nothing．Your genes，not your life habits，determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it． Albert Stunkard of the University of Pennsylvania found from experiments that，“80 percent of the Children of two obese parents become obese，as compared with no more than 14 percent of the offspring of two parents of normal weight．”

How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting? Well，dieting can be effective．but the health costs are tremendous．Jules Hirsch，a research physician at Rockefeller University, did a study of eight fat people．They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day1.After more than 10 weeks，the subjects lost 45kg on average．But after leaving the hospital，they all regained．The results were surprising：by metabolic measurement，fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving．They had psychiatric problems. They dreamed of food or breaking their diet2.They were anxious and depressed；some were suicidal．They hid food in their rooms．Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesn't result in normal weight，but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non-obese people．

Thin people，however, suffer from the opposite：They have to make a great effort to gain weight．Ethan Sims，of the University of Vermont，got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight．In four to six months，they ate as much as they could．They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent. But months after the study ended，they were back to normal weight and stayed there.

This did not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight．It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight．

The findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was true-each person has a comfortable weight range3.The range might be as much as 9kg．Someone might weigh 60-69 kg without too much effort But going above of below the natural weight range is difficult． The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the metabolism to push the weight back to the range it seeks．

詞匯：

obese adj.肥胖的

metabolic adj.新陳代謝的

psychiatric adj.精神病的

練習(xí)：

1. What determines your weight?

A)Your working manner．

B)Your eating habit．

C)Your life style．

D)Your genes．

2.What did Jules Hirsch do in his study?

A)He let the eight fat people skip supper．

B)He let the eight fat people skip breakfast．

C)He let the eight fat people run every mornin8 and evening．

D)He gave the eight fat people a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day．

3.What happened to the eight fat people after they left the hospital?

A)They went mad．

B)They killed themselves．

C)They were back to normal weight．

D)They attempted suicide

4.What did Ethan Sims make his subjects do?

A)Battle their genetic inheritance．

B)Increase their weight．

C)Stay at home．

D)Lower their weight．

5. What did scientists think was true?

A)Each person has a fixed weight range．

B)Each person has a weight range of 9 kg．

C)Each person wants to control his weight．

D)Each person wants to eat to his heart's content．

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D,D,C,B,A

解 析：1．D． 細(xì)節(jié)題。利用被選項(xiàng)中的細(xì)節(jié)信息結(jié)構(gòu)（A：working manner; B: eating habit; C: life style; D: genes）共同作為答案線索， 在文章中查找答案相關(guān)句：

You hear this：“No Wonder you are fat．An you ever do is eat（選項(xiàng)B中eating的家族詞匯）．”You feel sad：“I skip my breakfast and supper．I run every morning and evening．What else can I do?”Basically you can do nothing． Your genes（基因），not your life habits（習(xí)慣），determine your weight（問題句中的核心結(jié)構(gòu)） and your body constantly （不斷地，經(jīng)常地）tries to maintain（保持，維修， 主張） it.

答案相關(guān)句說：你的基因而不是你的生活習(xí)慣決定了你的體重，因此你的身體總是試圖保持它。因此D是答案。

2. D。 細(xì)節(jié)題。利用問題句中的特征詞(Jules Hirsch)， 被選項(xiàng)中的共有結(jié)構(gòu)（eight fat people）及被選相中的一些細(xì)節(jié)信息詞及特征結(jié)構(gòu)（A: supper; B: breakfast; C: every morning and evening; D: liquid formula, 600 calories ）共同作為答案線索， 在文章中查找答案相關(guān)句：

How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting? Well，dieting can be effective, but the health costs are tremendous．Jules Hirsch，a research（研究） physician（醫(yī)生）at Rockefeller University, did a study（研究） of eight fat people． They were given （被給）a liquid formula （流食配方）providing 600 calories a day1. After more than（超過） 10 weeks，the subjects(研究對(duì)象) lost 45kg on average（平均）．But after leaving the hospital，they all regained．The results were surprising：by metabolic measurement，fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving．They had psychiatric problems. They dreamed of food or breaking their diet2.They were anxious and depressed；some were suicidal．They hid food in their rooms．Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesn't result in normal weight，but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non-obese people．

答案相關(guān)句說“八個(gè)肥胖者被給予一種流食配方，每天提供600熱卡”，因此D是答案。

3．C． 細(xì)節(jié)題。 利用問題句中的細(xì)節(jié)信息結(jié)構(gòu)（eight fat people， hospital）及被選項(xiàng)中的細(xì)節(jié)信息結(jié)構(gòu)（C：normal weight; D: suicide）共同作為答案線索， 在文章中查找答案相關(guān)句：

（第3段） How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting? Well，dieting can be effective．but the health costs are tremendous．（第２題答案相關(guān)句）Jules Hirsch，a research physician at Rockefeller University, did a study of eight fat people．They were given a liquid formula providing 600