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U.S. , European Drug Officials Approve Inhaled Insulin

A form of insulin for people with diabetes to take by mouth is expected to be sold within a few months. The new medicine is called Exubera1. The United States Food and Drug Administration2 and the European Commission0 both recently approved it for adults. It could make life easier for many diabetics who require daily injections of insulin to control their blood sugar levels. But it will not replace all insulin rejections. And it is not for everyone. People who smoke or have stopped smoking for less than six months should not take Exubera.______.

Three drug companies—Pfizer, Sanofi-Aventis and Nektar Therapeutics—developed the inhaled insulin. ______Experts say about fifteen percent of diabetics who need insulin do not take it. The treatment can involve several injections each day.

Insulin is a hormone that the body uses to change food into energy. Failure to control blood sugar levels can lead to serious problems, including blindness and loss of blood flow to the feet. It can also lead to heart disease, stroke and kidney failure4. insulin has been sold as a drug since the nineteen twenties. This is the first new way to take it. Exubera uses a powder breathed into the lungs through a mouthpiece. Pfizer will study the long-term effects. It says some patients have reported a mild cough while using the inhaled insulin. 5

Many people do not know they have diabetes. There are two forms. Most diabetics have the Type Two form. Their body does not make enough insulin or cannot effectively use the insulin it produces.______Most Type Two diabetics do not take insulin. Their medicines can be taken by mouth. Diet, exercise and weight control are also important. Type One diabetes often begins in childhood.______.

Officials say diabetics with either type could use inhaled insulin, either before or after a meal. But Type One diabetics and some with Type Two would still need a longer-lasting injection at least once a day.

詞匯：

inhale/in5heil/vt.吸入vi.吸氣 insulin/5insjulin/n．胰島素 diabetes/7daiE5bi:ti:z, -ti:s/n．糖尿病；多尿癥 diabetic/7daiE5betik, -5bi:tik/adj.糖尿病的n.糖尿病患者injection/in5dVekFEn/n.注射；注射液，針劑therapeutics/9WerE`pjU:tIks/n.治療學(xué)；療法，治療 hormone/5hC:mEun/n..激素，荷爾蒙stroke/strEuk/n. (疾病)發(fā)作；中風(fēng)mouthpiece/5maJWpi:s/n..接口管

練習(xí)：

A With this type the body is unable to produce insulin.

B Pfizer recently bought the rights to sell it worldwide.

C The control of their blood sugar levels is most important for patients with diabetes.

D It is common in people who are overweight and not active.

E Some patients with lung disease should not take it either.

F People are advised to have their lungs examined before using Exubera, and at least once a year after that.

答案與題解：

1．E 此空白處的前一句說，“抽煙的人和戒煙不足六個(gè)月的人不能使用Exubera”，而選項(xiàng)E說，“一些患有肺部疾病的病人也不能用”，這里either實(shí)際上起到提示作用，使前后句緊密銜接。

2．B 此空白處的前一句說到，“三家制藥公司研發(fā)了這種吸人型的胰島素”，那么怎么銷售呢?選項(xiàng)B，“Pfizer公司最近買到全球的銷售權(quán)”填到這里是再恰當(dāng)不過的了。

3．F 本空白處的前一句說到，“有些患者在使用吸人型胰島素時(shí)有輕度咳嗽”，那根據(jù)推理自然要叫這種病人去作肺部檢查，選項(xiàng)F正是這方面的內(nèi)容，而且肺部檢查只有與咳嗽才能聯(lián)系在一起，無法將其填人其他空白處。

4．D 本段解釋兩種類劃的糖尿病。“Ⅱ型糖尿病人的身體無法制造足夠的胰島素或者無法有效利用身體所產(chǎn)生的胰島素”，而前面已經(jīng)說到，身體就是利用胰島素來將食物轉(zhuǎn)化成能量的，所以根據(jù)推理，“肥胖并不活動(dòng)的人”一定易患n型糖尿病。

5．A 空白處的前一句說，“Ⅰ型糖尿病常常在兒童時(shí)期就開始”，即使沒有醫(yī)學(xué)常識(shí)的人也應(yīng)該從前面介紹II型糖尿病中找到本空白處的答案，因?yàn)榍懊嬲f到，“Ⅱ型糖尿病人的身體無法制造足夠的胰島素或者無法有效利用身體所產(chǎn)生的胰島素”，可見Ⅱ型糖尿病人的身體多少還是能夠制造胰島素的。相比之下，Ⅰ型糖尿病人的身體一定“不能制造胰島素”了。